『壹』 千里優選以現金股的方式上市是什麼意思
簡單的說就是這些股票在公司未上市前以極低的價格購買，當時只是一張廢紙！到公司上市後股價就能翻好幾倍，因為不是流通股，所以不能交易！但到解禁的時候，也就是可交易了，因為成本極低利潤極高，所以他們會不顧價格的往外拋，拋壓過重，會導致股價不斷往下挫！是利空
『貳』 急求英語作文 股票的利弊
A stock market can change your life, and makes a giant gnome. There is, Bill Gates and warren buffett, li, LiuYuanSheng near the YangHuiYan, ma, shi yuzhu has, liu fang, because they are from, and increase market share envied virtues.
Second, the stock market is like a big stage drama, daily astounding tragicomedy. Actors don't need more makeup, acting, can fry are the star. Despite the tragedy figures than comedy character, but tragedy than play well.
Third, fry is a noble profession. Contemporary folk yue: first-class professional fry stock, secondary vocational and professional advertising street name. Third-class Don't make the vendors, medicine.hurry fry two play.
Four, the stock market is the spiralling, can make a person to get rich quick. Shake it and courage and strength; luck, Don't shake, money of leaves will fall in your head.
Five, the stock market full of philosophy, the static and dynamic can tell you, pleasure and pain, rich and poor, and the philosophy of life and death. Choose to think, fry with the philosopher.
Six, the market can temper one's will, make the person is strong, even to cut meat will utter on Saturday, as the war with the enemy tortured and never renegade underground workers.
Seven, fry is full of excitement, can smoke in the war and peace through baptism, "television, sound", "was", good KuHao cool!
Eight, buy stocks is bought in the future, who does not wish a better tomorrow? Youth without regrets, the future, I take money betting priceless tomorrow, value!
Nine, fry, the game is wise to have high culture, review and profound theory. Don't believe the fund manager at least, why are eligible to dr ma, natural materials shall bear my Fried.
Ten, the stock market full of imagination. Don't think of things, not dare to think, dare do make money, have imagination can make paper money.
11 and market can widen again obtain employment channels, alleviate employment pressure.
Twelve, fry equates to patriotism. The government from stock financing billions every year. Millions of people have donated money for helping soes into the Treasury, stamp ty.
13 and stock elixir, especially the lonely, indifference, selfish and alzheimer's disease. Want to say goodbye to cancer, please.
14, fry can prevent crime, especially the gambling. Fry stock, PaiJiu kumite mahjong tyre was not interested.
15 and fry QianTiaoWanTiao reason, but ultimately only one: right! Fry
Don't fry 35 reason
A stock is a big dye VAT, and if you don't care who put in hand, you will lose. If want to wash, also won't wash clean. Want to JieShenZiHao, please don't fry.
Second, the stock market risk, it is not only will your riches sinister, lane is bad also forfeits his hide.
Third, market with "black" words are too much. The black box and shady, black, black, black... Howl, if you don't, please don't fry colluding.
Four, the stock market is sometimes tell. False performance, false report, reorganization, are false, Big, big and silly, greed, big, Fry, except as stir-fry air, jiaogechan enpty hands. Stir-fry high price is very beautiful, and performance of listed companies, and total salary 1300 yuan only two cents, you get to repay, you believe or not.
Five, the stock market is not fair. As you see firsthand material retail, hear a information, not even see the first-class service, market even didn't have to sit bench. Fry is asking for SINS.
Six, investors identity meanness. Nine people, people who? Calculate only nine etc. "DengWaiPin" outside, millions of people are not even a association, like into hangxiao that fraud, collective action, the court is not accepted.
Seven, the stock market is the department, you put money machine, others without proving am can carry away, and not dozen receipt. Sing a song is so: please take me to your home, stock, please leave your money. Will money or stocks, please choose!
Eight, fry with gambling, and most easily knoe corruption. Banker like "cheat" perspective, wear contact lens, visible, a large number of small organ, you still dare to fry?
Nine, fry is broken families. A man should not wife, family shares by more and more weak, fry stock is the radiant party.
Ten, exchange, good and evil people mixed up, old crowded, people often not to many places, the easiest to cut the purse.
11 and fry as "religious", GuPingGu superstition, superstition of subjects, such as magic, the man went into a believer.
Twelve, fry, if not, is the lowest level of career. As a modern ShunKouLiu can find work, only the stocks, the unit after class, the stock market had mixed.
13 and fry can make people, all the investors for the old stock depth, no less money hold-op smitten, but didn't earn less wrinkles.
14 and fry diseases, especially hypertension can stroke hysteria, etc. Now, in the public eloquent speaker, but is no longer sell leather is the plaster investors.
15, can be addictive, fry the intense dependence, 1 don't fry, moment seems like three years. Suggest the government offered by compulsory quit shares, to save slip investors.
中文翻譯：
一、股市能改變人生，使侏儒變成巨人。遠的有巴菲特、比爾·蓋茨、李嘉誠、劉元生，近的有楊惠研、馬雲、史玉柱、劉芳、李予成，他們都因股票市值劇增而受人羨慕景仰。
二、股市像一個大舞台，每日上演著轟轟烈烈的悲喜劇。演員不用化妝，更毋需演技，能炒就是明星。盡管悲劇人物多於喜劇角色，但悲劇總比沒有劇好。
三、炒股是一種高尚的職業。當代民謠曰：一流職業炒股票，二流職業做廣告，三流職業滿街叫。不想做叫賣的攤販，請來炒兩把玩玩。
四、股市是棵搖錢樹，能使人快速致富。搖動它，全憑力氣勇氣加運氣；不搖，鈔票般的樹葉不會掉在你頭上。
五、股市充滿了哲學，能告訴你靜與動、苦與樂、窮與富、生與死的哲理。選股要作思考狀，炒股者跟哲學家沒兩樣。
六、股市能磨煉人的意志，使人堅強，即使割肉斷臂也不會吭上一聲，如同戰爭年代面對敵人嚴刑拷打也永不變節的地下工作者。
七、炒股充滿了刺激，能在和平年代經受戰火與硝煙的洗禮，時而「亮劍」，時而吹響「集結號」，好酷好爽呀！
八、買股票就是買未來，誰不願明天更美好？青春無悔，未來無價，我拿金錢賭明天，值！
九、炒股是智者的游戲，要有很高的文化修養，股評理論高深莫測。不信，為何基金經理起碼要博士碩士才有資格擔當，天生我材必炒股。
十、股市充滿了想像力。不敢想的事敢想，不敢做的事敢做，有錢能使鬼推磨，有想像能使紙變錢。
十一、股市能拓寬再就業渠道，減輕社會就業壓力。
十二、炒股等同於愛國。政府每年能從股市融資數千億。上億股民都為國企脫困捐了款，為國庫交足了印花稅。
十三、股市能治百病，特別是孤獨、冷漠、自私和老年痴呆症。想告別病魔，請來炒股。
十四、炒股能預防犯罪，特別是賭博犯罪。炒過股票的人，對打麻將推牌九都不感興趣。
十五、炒股的理由千條萬條，但歸根結底只有一條：就是炒股有理！
不炒股的十五條理由
一、股市是個大染缸，誰要是不小心把手放進去，就會失去本色。即使想金盆洗手，也洗不幹凈。要想潔身自好，請不要炒股。
二、股市有風險，其險惡在於不僅要你錢財，弄不好還會賠上小命。
三、股市同「黑」字有太多的淵源。黑箱、黑幕、黑馬、黑庄、黑熊……近墨者黑，倘若你不想同流合污，請不要炒股。
四、股市有時是個假大空的場所。假業績、假年報、假重組，都是假；大話、大傻、大貪，都是大；炒股如同炒空氣，除了交割單，兩手空空。股價炒得很高，業績很漂亮，有上市公司老總年薪1300萬元，而只分你兩毛錢，得不到業績回報，信不信由你。
五、股市太不公平。身為散戶你看不到一手資料，聽不到一線信息，得不到一流服務，甚至看大盤連冷板凳都沒得坐。炒股等於自找罪受。
六、股民身份低賤。人分九等，股民算老幾？只能算九等之外的「等外品」，上億股民連個協會都沒有，受了像杭蕭鋼構那樣的欺詐，集體訴訟，法院都不受理。
七、股市是部提款機，你把錢放進去，別人無須驗明正身就能提走，且不打收條。有首歌是這樣唱的：請把我的股帶回你的家，請把你的鈔票留下。要鈔票還是要股，請選擇吧！
八、炒股跟賭博沒什麼兩樣，且最容易滋生腐敗。莊家如同「老千」，戴著隱形透視鏡，看得見底牌，掌握著開大開小的機關，你還敢炒嗎？
九、炒股是家庭破裂的導火索。男人要股不要妻，家庭觀念被越炒越淡，而股票就是那勾魂攝魄的第三者。
十、交易廳人滿為患，魚龍混雜，老人常告誡，不要到人多的地方去，最容易被人掏了錢包。
十一、炒股如同「信教」，迷信股評家，迷信概念，對題材走火如魔，把人變為信徒。
十二、炒股算不上職業，如果算的話，也是最低級的職業。有一時髦順口溜為證：工作沒法找，只把股票炒，單位下了課，股市混著過。
十三、炒股能使人衰老，股民無時無刻不為股票深度套牢魂牽夢縈，錢沒少賠，皺紋卻沒少賺。
十四、炒股能生百病，特別是高血壓中風歇斯底里症等。如今能在大庭廣眾口若懸河的，不再是演說家，除了賣狗皮膏葯的便是股民。
十五、炒股能使人上癮，產生強烈的依賴性，一日不炒，如隔三秋。建議政府開辦強制戒股所，以挽救失足股民。
『叄』 急急急！！！利率變動對股市影響的數學公式（數學模型也可以）
沒有公式，你看下面的信息自己做一個正反比例的模型，然後倒入這幾年的經濟數據擬合吧！！
（參考資料，英文中文都有）
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一般理論上來說,利率下降時,股票的價格就上漲；利率上升時,股票的價格就會下跌。因此,利率的高低以及利率同股票市場的關系,也成為股票投資者據以買進和賣出股票的重要依據。
利率對於股票的影響可以分成三種途徑:
一是利率變動造成的資產組合替代效應,利率變動通過影響存款收益率,投資者就會對股票和儲蓄以及債券之間做出選擇,實現資本的保值增值。
通過資產重新組合進而影響資金流向和流量,最終必然會影響到股票市場的資金供求和股票價格。利率上升,一部分資金可能從股市轉而投向銀行儲蓄和債券,從而會減少市場上的資金供應量,減少股票需求,股票價格下降；反之,利率下降,股票市場資金供應增加,股票價格將上升。
二是利率對上市公司經營的影響,進而影響公司未來的估值水平。
貸款利率提高會加重企業利息負擔,從而減少企業的盈利,進而減少企業的股票分紅派息,受利率的提高和股票分紅派息降低的雙重影響,股票價格必然會下降。相反,貸款利率下調將減輕企業利息負擔,降低企業生產經營成本,提高企業盈利能力,使企業可以增加股票的分紅派息。受利率的降低和股票分紅派息增加的雙重影響,股票價格將大幅上升。
三是利率變動對股票內在價值的影響。
股票資產的內在價值是由資產在未來時期中所接受的現金流決定的,股票的內在價值與一定風險下的貼現率呈反比關系,如果將銀行間拆借、銀行間債券與證券交易所的債券回購利率作為參考的貼現率,則貼現率的上揚必然導致股票內在價值的降低,從而也會使股票價格相應下降。股指的變化與市場的貼現率呈現反向變化,貼現率上升,股票的內在價值下降,股指將下降；反之,貼現率下降,股價指數上升。
以上的傳導途徑應該是較長的一個時期才能體現出來的,利率調整與股價變動之間通常有一個時滯效應,因為利率下調首先引起儲蓄分流,增加股市的資金供給,更多的資金追逐同樣多的股票,才能引起股價上漲,利率下調到股價上漲之間有一個過程。如我國央行自1996年5月以來的八次下調存款利率,到2002年1年期定期儲蓄存款的實際收益率只有1.58%。在股票價格在較長時間內持續上漲的情況下,股票投資的收益率遠遠高於存款的報酬率,一部分儲蓄存款轉化為股票投資,從而加快了儲蓄分流的步伐。從我國居民儲蓄存款增長率來看,1994年居民儲蓄存款增長率45.6%,之後增幅連年下滑,而同一時期股票市場發展迅速,1999年下半年開始儲蓄分流明顯加快,到2000年分流達到頂點,同年我國居民儲蓄存款增長率僅為7.9%。這一年股票市場也牛氣沖天。2001年儲蓄分流則明顯減緩,增長率14.7%,居民儲蓄傾向增強。2001年股市波動性加大,股價持續幾個月的大幅回調,則是2001年儲蓄分流減緩、居民儲蓄存款大幅增加的主要原因之一。
另外,利率對於企業的經營成本影響同樣需要一個生產和銷售的資本運轉過程,短時間內,難以體現出來。因此,利率和股票市場的相關性要從長期來把握。
實際上,就中長期而言,利率升降和股市的漲跌也並不是簡單的負相關關系。就是說,中長期股價指數的走勢不僅僅只受利率走勢的影響,它同時對經濟增長因素、非市場宏觀政策因素的反應也很敏感。如果經濟增長因素、非市場宏觀政策因素的影響大於利率對股市的影響,股價指數的走勢就會與利率的中長期走勢相背離。
典型如美國的利率調整和股市走勢就出現同步上漲的過程。1992年至1995年美元加息周期中,由於經濟處於穩步增長階段,逐步收緊的貨幣政策並未使經濟下滑,公司盈利與股價走勢也保持了良好態勢,加息之後,股票市場反而走高,其根本原因是經濟增長的影響大於加息的影響。
我國從1996年5月進入降息周期的拐點。股指也進入上升周期。利率與股指的走勢發生了5年的負相關關系。但2001年在利率沒有進入升息周期的情況下,股指開始了下跌的趨勢。分析其原因,我國非市場宏觀政策因素的影響大於利率對股市的影響。人們對非流通的國有股將進入市場流通的擔心和恐懼導致了股市投資的風險和收益發生了非對稱的變化。從這個角度來看,由於我國目前非市場宏觀政策因素仍然有比較大的不確定性,所以利率對股市的影響不能夠成為我們研究和預測股市中長期走勢的主要因素。
就短期而言,我國利率的變動對股價的走勢很難判斷存在相關性。利率調整當天和隨後的股價波動並不能說明二者之間有何必然的聯系。從當前股市的狀況分析,很明顯也和利率的走勢不符合理論上的負相關性。股票市場的低迷更多地被歸結為上市公司的質量以及諸多體制性問題和投資者信心問題。因此,在看待我國加息預期對於股票市場的影響時,還要考慮其他諸多因素,而不能簡單從前文所述的理論關系來判斷。利率只是影響股市的因素之一,而不是惟一決定因素。因此,我們不能唯利率升降是從,要具體分析,何況即使利率上升,股市也並不是就完全沒有投資機會。（
Interest rates. Most people pay attention to them, and they can impact the stock market. But why? In this article, we'll explain some of the indirect links between interest rates and the stock market and show you how they might affect your life.
The Interest Rate
Essentially, interest is nothing more than the cost someone pays for the use of someone else's money. Homeowners know this scenario quite intimately. They have to use a bank's money (through a mortgage) to purchase a home, and they have to pay the bank for the privilege. Credit card users also know this scenario quite well - they borrow money for the short term in order to buy something right away. But when it comes to the stock market and the impact of interest rates, the term usually refers to something other than the above examples - although we will see that they are affected as well. (To read more, see Who determines interest rates?)
The interest rate that applies to investors is the U.S. Federal Reserve's federal funds rate. This is the cost that banks are charged for borrowing money from Federal Reserve banks. Why is this number so important? It is the way the Federal Reserve (the "Fed") attempts to control inflation. Inflation is caused by too much money chasing too few goods (or too much demand for too little supply), which causes prices to increase. By influencing the amount of money available for purchasing goods, the Fed can control inflation. Other countries' central banks do the same thing for the same reason.
Basically, by increasing the federal funds rate, the Fed attempts to lower the supply of money by making it more expensive to obtain.(To see more on the Federal Reserve, read Get To Know The Major Central Banks, The Fed Model And Stock Valuation: What It Does And Does Not Tell Us and Formulating Monetary Policy.)
Effects of an Increase
When the Fed increases the federal funds rate, it does not have an immediate impact on the stock market. Instead, the increased federal funds rate has a single direct effect - it becomes more expensive for banks to borrow money from the Fed. However, increases in the discount rate also cause a ripple effect, and factors that influence both indivials and businesses are affected.
The first indirect effect of an increased federal funds rate is that banks increase the rates that they charge their customers to borrow money. Indivials are affected through increases to credit card and mortgage interest rates, especially if they carry a variable interest rate. This has the effect of decreasing the amount of money consumers can spend. After all, people still have to pay the bills, and when those bills become more expensive, households are left with less disposable income. This means that people will spend less discretionary money, which will affect businesses' top and bottom lines (that is, revenues and profits).
Therefore, businesses are also indirectly affected by an increase in the federal funds rate as a result of the actions of indivial consumers. But businesses are affected in a more direct way as well. They, too, borrow money from banks to run and expand their operations. When the banks make borrowing more expensive, companies might not borrow as much and will pay a higher rate of interest on their loans. Less business spending can slow down the growth of a company, resulting in decreases in profit. (For extra reading on company lending, read When Companies Borrow Money.)
Stock Price Effects
Clearly, changes in the federal funds rate affect the behavior of consumers and business, but the stock market is also affected. Remember that one method of valuing a company is to take the sum of all the expected future cash flows from that company discounted back to the present. To arrive at a stock's price, take the sum of the future discounted cash flow and divide it by the number of shares available. This price fluctuates as a result of the different expectations that people have about the company at different times. Because of those differences, they are willing to buy or sell shares at different prices.
If a company is seen as cutting back on its growth spending or is making less profit - either through higher debt expenses or less revenue from consumers - then the estimated amount of future cash flows will drop. All else being equal, this will lower the price of the company's stock. If enough companies experience a decline in their stock prices, the whole market, or the indexes (like the Dow Jones Instrial Average or the S&P 500) that many people equate with the market, will go down. (To learn more, check out Why Do Markets Move?, Forces That Move Stock Prices and What causes a significant move in the stock market?)
Investment Effects
For many investors, a declining market or stock price is not a desirable outcome. Investors wish to see their invested money increase in value. Such gains come from stock price appreciation, the payment of dividends - or both. With a lowered expectation in the growth and future cash flows of the company, investors will not get as much growth from stock price appreciation, making stock ownership less desirable.
Furthermore, investing in stocks can be viewed as too risky compared to other investments. When the Fed raises the federal funds rate, newly offered government securities, such Treasury bills and bonds, are often viewed as the safest investments and will usually experience a corresponding increase in interest rates. In other words, the "risk-free" rate of return goes up, making these investments more desirable. When people invest in stocks, they need to be compensated for taking on the additional risk involved in such an investment, or a premium above the risk-free rate. The desired return for investing in stocks is the sum of the risk-free rate and the risk premium. Of course, different people have different risk premiums, depending on their own tolerance for risk and the company they are buying. However, in general, as the risk-free rate goes up, the total return required for investing in stocks also increases. Therefore, if the required risk premium decreases while the potential return remains the same or becomes lower, investors might feel that stocks have become too risky, and will put their money elsewhere.
Interest Rates Affect but Don't Determine the Stock Market
The interest rate, commonly bandied about by the media, has a wide and varied impact upon the economy. When it is raised, the general effect is to lessen the amount of money in circulation, which works to keep inflation low. It also makes borrowing money more expensive, which affects how consumers and businesses spend their money; this increases expenses for companies, lowering earnings somewhat for those with debt to pay. Finally, it tends to make the stock market a slightly less attractive place to investment.
Keep in mind, however, that these factors and results are all interrelated. What we described above are very broad interactions, which can play out in innumerable ways. Interest rates are not the only determinant of stock prices and there are many considerations that go into stock prices and the general trend of the market - an increased interest rate is only one of them. Therefore, one can never say with confidence that an interest rate hike by the Fed will have an overall negative effect on stock prices.