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1. 鏂版坠鍦ㄧ倰镶＄殑镞跺欙纴涔拌偂绁ㄧ敤浠涔堣蒋浠跺憿锛

鏂版坠鍦ㄧ倰镶＄殑镞跺欙纴涔拌偂绁ㄧ敤浠涔堣蒋浠跺憿锛

钖岃姳椤鸿蒋浠舵槸琛屼笟钖嶆皵链澶х殑涓娆惧姛鑳藉己澶у畬鍏ㄥ厤璐瑰湪缃戜笂镶＄エ璇佸埜涔板崠鍒嗘瀽绯荤粺銆傚ぇ鏅烘収缁忓吀鐗堢敱鍏ㄥ浗鐭ュ悕镶＄エ浜ゆ槗璁″垝鏂规堜緵璐у晢澶ф櫤鎱у叕鍙哥簿蹇冨埗浣滐纴涓洪噾铻嶅竞鍦虹殑鎶曡祫浜烘彁渚涗笓涓氱殑淇℃伅鍓栨瀽鏂瑰纺锛屾槸涓濂楃敤浜庡紑灞曡屾儏琛ㄦ槑銆佸墫鏋愬苟钖屾ヨ繘琛屼俊鎭鍙婃椂鎺ュ弹镄勮秴绾ц瘉锷典俊鎭链嶅姟骞冲彴銆

阍遍緳绠楀缑涓婃槸涓锲借偂绁ㄨ瘉鍒歌蒋浠跺畾鍒跺紑鍙戠殑钥佸ぇ锛岃槠铹跺凡骞舵病链夊线镞ヨ缘镦岋纴浣嗘槸瀹幂殑鏁翠綋瀹炲姏鍗翠粛铹跺己锷层傞氲揪淇″叕寮忔垨璁稿ぇ浼椤効骞朵笉鏄鐗瑰埆浜呜В锛屼絾鏄瀹冨嵈鏄涓镶¤屾儏镓嬫満杞浠禣EM棰嗗烟閲岀殑钥佸ぇ銆备粠1995骞碊OS镞舵湡灏卞紑濮嬩粠浜嬭屾儏鍙婅繙绋嬫带鍒朵氦鏄撹蒋浠剁殑镰斿彂銆傚拰绫讳技琛屾儏镓嬫満杞浠跺规瘆锛屽叾涓婃捣甯傝屾儏瑕佸揩镣3-15绉掞纴娣卞湷琛屾儏蹇2-5绉掋

1銆佹坠链鸿蒋浠惰屾儏鏁版嵁缁熻″垎鏋愯缉涓哄叏鏂逛綅锛岃兘蹇阃熺湅鏄庣槠璧勪骇姝ラ

瀵逛簬灏忕槠钥岃█镣掕偂绁ㄥ氨瀹虫旷瀻镣掞纴涓嶆竻妤氶攒鍞甯傚満鍙戠敓浠涔堬纴涓镶¤帿钖嶅叾濡栾偂绁ㄨ穼锅滐纴镶＄エ娑ㄥ仠锛岀儹闂ㄦ澘鍧楁槸浠涔堛傝繖绉嶉兘鏄蹇呴’杩呴熺煡阆撶殑淇℃伅銆

杩欑崭俊鎭閮芥槸闇瑕佺敤鍒版櫤鑳藉悕鐗囷纴锲犱负鐜板湪鍒稿晢閮芥槸鍦ㄥ规櫤鑳介噾铻嶏纴鏅鸿兘阃夎偂璧勯噾鎶曞叆浜у搧镰斿彂锛岀幇鍦ㄥ竞闱涓婂仛鍑烘潵镄勫ソ涓镣圭殑钖岃姳椤鸿蒋浠讹纴阃氲揪淇″叕寮忚繖浜涢兘鏄鐩稿綋涓嶉敊镄勚傝繖绉嶆坠链鸿蒋浠堕兘鏄绗涓夋柟琛屾儏镓嬫満杞浠讹纴鏂版坠褰诲簳閮芥槸鍙浠ョ敤𨱒ユ墍浣跨敤镄勶纴锘烘湰涓崭细鏀跺彇璐圭敤銆

2銆佽繀阃熻佸埌鏂伴椈璧勮锛屽厖鍒嗕简瑙ｅ竞鍦哄彉鍖栥

链変簺镞跺栾偂绁ㄤ环镙煎疄闄呬笂閮芥槸镶＄エ娑堟伅镓瀵艰嚧镄勮捣浼忥纴阌栾繃浜嗕竴𨱒℃垨钥呯湅鎱浜嗕竴𨱒＄洿鎺ュ氨鍏崇郴镶＄エ娑ㄥ仠鎴栨槸镶＄エ璺屽仠锛屼篃链夊叕绀恒佽懀绉桦洖搴旇繖绉崭俊鎭锛岄兘浼氩湪涓涓猘pp涓婂嵆镞惰佸埌锛岀幇阒舵甸潪甯稿皯鍒稿晢链夐殣绉佸姛鑳姐傝繖渚挎嵎涓鑸寤鸿钥冭槛鍒板ぇ涓鍨嫔埜鍟嗭纴澶т腑鍨嫔埜鍟嗘疮涓骞磋祫閲戞姇鍏ョ爷鍙戣蒋浠舵垚链閮芥槸寰埚ぇ镄勚

3銆佽蒋浠禷pp锘烘湰涓氩姟镆ヨ㈡槸涓嶆槸鍏ㄦ柟浣

鐜板湪锘烘湰閮芥槸绾夸笂锷炰笟锷′简锛岀嚎涓婂姙涓氩姟涔熷崄鍒嗘柟渚垮揩鎹凤纴渚嫔傝韩浠借瘉鍒版湡绾夸笂𨰾嗘崲灏卞彲浠ワ纴瀵嗙爜蹇樿扮嚎涓婇吨璁惧氨鍙浠ャ傝繖绉嶅ぇ閮ㄥ垎姣忎釜浜洪兘阆囱佽繃锛屼竴浜涘熀链涓氩姟娴佺▼锅囧傞兘鍙浠ョ嚎涓婄敌璇峰姙鐞嗕篃渚夸簬镞ュ悗鍐岖敤銆

缃戜笂涔板崠镶＄エ杞浠跺摢涓濂界敤

閮藉樊涓嶅氾纴浠ヤ笅鏄甯歌佺殑镣掕偂杞浠讹细钖岃姳椤猴细鍏嶈垂杞浠讹纴鏀鎸佸叏锲90澶氩跺埜鍟嗙绣涓娄氦鏄掳绂澶ф櫤鎱э细锘虹镣掕偂杞浠讹纴阃傚悎鍒濆叆镶″竞镄勬柊镓嬶绂阃氲揪淇★细链堿镶°丅镶＄殑瀹炴椂琛屾儏鍒嗘瀽锛屽苟涓旇缮链塃TF鍒嗘瀽绛夊叾浠栧姛鑳斤绂涓沧柟璐㈠瘜锛氭槸闂ㄦ埛缃戠珯涓沧柟璐㈠瘜缃戠爷鍙戠殑鍏嶈垂镣掕偂杞浠躲

镓╁𪾢璧勬枡锛

镶＄エ锛坰tock锛夋槸镶′唤鍏鍙告墍链夋潈镄勪竴閮ㄥ垎锛屼篃鏄鍙戣岀殑镓链夋潈鍑璇侊纴鏄镶′唤鍏鍙镐负绛归泦璧勯噾钥屽彂琛岀粰钖勪釜镶′笢浣滀负鎸佽偂鍑璇佸苟鍊熶互鍙栧缑镶℃伅鍜岀孩鍒╃殑涓绉嶆湁浠疯瘉鍒革纴鍙浠ユ牴鎹镊宸辩殑闇瑕佽繘琛岃喘涔般

镶＄エ鏄璧勬湰甯傚満镄勯暱链熶俊鐢ㄥ伐鍏凤纴鍙浠ヨ浆璁╋纴涔板崠锛岃偂涓滃嚟鍊熷畠鍙浠ュ垎浜鍏鍙哥殑鍒╂鼎锛屼絾涔熻佹圹𨰾呭叕鍙歌繍浣滈敊璇镓甯︽潵镄勯庨橹銆傛疮镶¤偂绁ㄩ兘浠ｈ〃镶′笢瀵逛紒涓氭嫢链変竴涓锘烘湰鍗曚綅镄勬墍链夋潈銆傛疮瀹朵笂甯傚叕鍙搁兘浼氩彂琛岃偂绁ㄣ

钖屼竴绫诲埆镄勬疮涓浠借偂绁ㄦ墍浠ｈ〃镄勫叕鍙告墍链夋潈鏄鐩哥瓑镄勚傛疮涓镶′笢镓𨰾ユ湁镄勫叕鍙告墍链夋潈浠介濈殑澶у皬锛屽彇鍐充簬鍏舵寔链夌殑镶＄エ鏁伴噺鍗犲叕鍙告昏偂链镄勬瘆閲嶃傝偂绁ㄦ槸镶′唤鍏鍙歌祫链镄勬瀯鎴愰儴鍒嗭纴鍙浠ヨ浆璁┿佷拱鍗栵纴鏄璧勬湰甯傚満镄勪富瑕侀暱链熶俊鐢ㄥ伐鍏凤纴浣嗕笉鑳借佹眰鍏鍙歌繑杩桦叾鍑鸿祫銆

镣掕偂锛屾寚鍊掍拱鍊掑崠镶＄エ銆傜倰镶＄殑镙稿绩鍐呭瑰氨鏄阃氲繃璇佸埜甯傚満镄勪拱鍏ヤ笌鍗栧嚭涔嬮棿镄勮偂浠峰樊棰濓纴銮峰彇鍒╂鼎銆傝偂浠风殑娑ㄨ穼镙规嵁甯傚満琛屾儏镄勬尝锷ㄨ屽彉鍖栵纴涔嬫墍浠ヨ偂浠风殑娉㈠姩缁忓父鍑虹幇宸寮傚寲鐗瑰緛锛屾簮浜庤祫閲戠殑鍏虫敞𨱍呭喌锛屼粬浠涔嬮棿镄勫叧绯伙纴濂芥瘆姘翠笌鑸圭殑鍏崇郴銆傛按婧㈡弧鍒栾埞楂桡纴锛堣祫閲戝ぇ閲忔秾鍏ュ垯镶′环娑锛夛纴姘存灟绔钥岃埞娴咃纸璧勯噾澶ч噺娴佸嚭鍒栾偂浠疯穼锛夈

鍒拌瘉鍒稿叕鍙稿紑鎴凤纴锷炵悊涓婅瘉鎴栨繁璇佽偂涓滃笎鎴峰崱銆佽祫閲戣处鎴枫佺绣涓娄氦鏄扑笟锷°佺数璇濅氦鏄扑笟锷＄瓑链夊叧镓嬬画銆傜劧钖庯纴涓嬭浇璇佸埜鍏鍙告寚瀹氱殑缃戜笂浜ゆ槗杞浠躲傚埌阈惰屽紑娲绘湡甯愭埛锛屽苟涓旈氲繃阈惰瘉杞璐︿笟锷★纴鎶婇挶瀛桦叆阈惰屻

镣掕偂杞浠跺摢涓链濂

缃戜笂涔板崠镶＄エ杞浠跺ソ鐢ㄧ殑鏄钖岃姳椤恒佷笢鏂硅储瀵屻佸圭淮璐㈢粡绛夈

1銆佸悓鑺遍‘

鎺ㄨ崘鎸囨暟锛氢簲鏄

浠樿垂杞浠讹纴鍑鍊熷氩勾镄勭Н绱鍏锋湁涓瀹氭暟閲忕殑浠樿垂浜虹兢锛屽悓鑺遍‘杞浠跺姛鑳借缉涓哄叏闱锛屼富瑕佸唴瀹规湁锛氲偂绁ㄥ疄镞惰屾儏銆佽偂绁ㄥ熀链闱㈠垎鏋愩佹ā寮忓寲浜ゆ槗绛夈

2銆佷笢鏂硅储瀵

鎺ㄨ崘鎸囨暟锛氩洓鏄

杞浠舵湁鍏ㄩ溃镄勮屾儏璧勮锛屽厤闄や简鎶曡祫钥呭洓澶勫绘垒镄勭储鎭硷纴链閲嶈佽佺殑鏄鏀鎸佸洓鍗佸氩剁殑涓绘祦鍒稿晢鍦ㄧ嚎浜ゆ槗锛屽逛簬涓嶆兂璐规椂闂寸殑骞磋交镶＄エ鎶曡祫钥呮潵璇达纴鍙浠ヨ存柟渚垮揩鎹枫

3銆佸圭淮璐㈢粡

鎺ㄨ崘鎸囨暟锛氩洓鏄

濂借瘎鐜囧緢楂树絾鏄钖嶆皵鍦ㄧ倰镶″湀瀛愬苟涓嶆槸寰埚ぇ镄勮蒋浠讹纴链钖稿紩浜虹溂鐞幂殑鏄疉I链哄櫒浜哄啝鍐涚瓥鐣+楂樼骇鎶曢【锲㈤槦鍧愰晣锛屼汉链哄叡钖岄勬祴镶＄エ镄勮屾儏璧板娍銆傚傛灉浣犳槸锽沧AI杈呭姪涔板崠鍐崇瓥镄勬姇璧勮呯殑璇濓纴杩欑被杞浠舵槸蹇呴’瑕侀夋嫨镄勪简銆

4銆佸ぇ鏅烘収

鎺ㄨ崘鎸囨暟锛氢笁鏄

澶ф櫤鎱ф槸鍏嶈垂杞浠朵腑浣跨敤缇や綋链澶氱殑杞浠讹纴涓鸿偂姘戞彁渚涗简澶ч噺镄勫垎鏋愬浘琛锛屼笉杩囧湪鍑嗙‘搴︿笂杩桦皻闇鎻愰珮锛屼絾鏄涓嶅Θ纰嶅畠链夊签澶х殑鐢ㄦ埛缇や綋鍜屾瀬楂樼殑浜烘皵銆

5銆侀洩鐞

鎺ㄨ崘鎸囨暟锛氢笁鏄

2011骞存垚绔嬭呖浠婏纴闆鐞冨凡链8骞寸殑娌夋稳銆备粠链鍒濈殑绀句氦棰嗗烟锛屾兜鐩栦笂甯傚叕鍙搞佸埜鍟嗐佸熀閲戝强鎶曡祫钥呯殑瀹屾暣鐢熸佷綋绯汇傞洩鐞冩槸杩椤嚑骞存瘆杈冩垚锷熺殑鎶曡祫浜ゆ祦绀惧尯涔嬩竴銆

娉ㄦ剰浜嬮”

1銆佽偂甯傚疄镞惰屾儏

杩欎釜锷熻兘鏄镣掕偂app链閲嶈佺殑锷熻兘锛岃偂姘戝湪瀹炴椂琛屾儏椤甸溃涓鍙浠ョ湅鍒板悇鏀镶＄エ镄勬定璺屾儏鍐碉纴涓鸿喘涔版垨钥呮姏鍞镶＄エ鎻愪緵鍐崇瓥銆

2銆佹煇涓鏀镶＄エ镄勫叿浣揿垎鏋

鐢ㄦ埛鍦ㄥ叧娉ㄦ煇涓鏀镶＄エ浠ュ悗锛宎pp杞浠跺彲浠ラ拡瀵圭敤鎴锋劅鍏磋叮镄勮偂绁ㄥ仛鍒嗘瀽锛岀敾鍑簁绾垮浘锛岀敤鎴峰彲浠ユ竻鏅扮殑鍒嗘瀽镊宸卞叧娉ㄨ偂绁ㄧ殑𨱍呭喌銆

镓嬫満镶＄エ浜ゆ槗杞浠堕偅涓濂界敤

绗1钖:钖岃姳椤恒傝佺墝镄勪粯璐圭倰镶¤蒋浠跺嚟鍊熷氩勾镄勭Н绱锛屾嫢链変简涓瀹氭暟閲忕殑浠樿垂浜虹兢銆

绗浜:缁忓吀澶氲耽銆7澶х粡鍏哥泩鍒╂ā寮忥纴涓绔椤纺瑙ｅ喅镣掕偂闂棰樸

绗3钖:澶ф櫤鎱с傛嫢链夋渶澶氱殑鍏嶈垂鐢ㄦ埛銆

绗4钖:涓沧柟璐㈠瘜銆傚熷姪涓沧柟璐㈠瘜缃戠殑骞冲彴鏁埚簲锛屽舰鎴愪简涓瀹氱殑褰卞搷锷涖

绗5钖:娌傝挋鍟嗕汉銆傛嫢链夊浗鍐呮渶澶х殑浠樿垂鐢ㄦ埛缇わ纴骞寸画璐圭巼琛屼笟绗涓銆

绗6钖:璇佸埜涔嬫槦銆备緷镓樿瘉鍒镐箣鏄熺殑缃戠珯骞冲彴锛屽舰鎴愪简涓瀹氱殑褰卞搷锷涖

绗7钖:鎸囧崡阍堛备粯璐逛笓鐢ㄨ蒋浠讹纴13骞村悗锛屽ぇ姒10涓囩敤鎴枫

绗8钖:澶ц耽瀹舵満鏋勭増銆

绗9钖:涔鹃殕链烘瀯鐗堛20宀佺殑镣掕偂杞浠躲

绗鍗佸悕:阃氢俊绀句氦鏄撶増銆

涓岖℃槸鍝涓骞冲彴锛岄兘链変竴瀹氱殑鐢ㄦ埛锘虹銆备笉绠℃槸鍏嶈垂鐢ㄦ埛杩樻槸浠樿垂鐢ㄦ埛锛屽彧瑕佹槸姣旇缉蹇犲疄镄勭敤鎴凤纴灏辫兘鎶婅繖浜涘钩鍙板甫𨱔璧锋潵銆傚逛簬娴侀噺姣旇缉澶氱殑骞冲彴锛岃缮鏄链変竴瀹氩ソ澶勭殑銆傚洜涓轰汉澶氢简锛屼汉浠灏辨洿淇′换杩欎釜骞冲彴锛屾墍链夌殑骞冲彴閮芥槸璁插㈡埛蹇犺瘹搴︾殑銆

镓浠ュ逛簬涓涓浼樼镄勫钩鍙版潵璇达纴瑕佸杽寰呭㈡埛锛屾湇锷″ソ瀹㈡埛锛岀Н鏋佸洖搴斿㈡埛镄勮佹眰锛屼负瀹㈡埛鎻愪緵镟寸簿鍑嗙殑淇℃伅銆傚逛簬涓浜涢珮绔瀹㈡埛锛岃侀厤缃涓挞棬镄勫㈡湇锛屾彁渚涗紭璐ㄧ殑鑸炲彴链嶅姟銆傞氲繃杩欎簺琛ㄨ揪锛屽彲浠ヨ╁㈡埛镒熷弹鍒拌閲嶈嗭纴镟村姞淇′换杩欎釜骞冲彴锛岃╁㈡埛链缁堥夋嫨鍦ㄨ繖涓骞冲彴涓娄粠浜嬭偂绁ㄤ氦鏄撴垨钥呮姇璧勭悊璐锛屽叾瀹炲氨鏄杩欎釜骞冲彴銆

涓涓骞冲彴鑳戒笉鑳介暱涔咃纴鍏跺疄链閲嶈佺殑鏄鐪嫔钩鍙拌兘涓嶈兘浠ヤ汉涓轰腑蹇冿纴灏藉姏涓哄㈡埛链嶅姟銆备粠杩欐柟闱㈠彲浠ョ湅鍑哄钩鍙拌兘钖﹂暱杩滃彂灞曘

涔拌偂绁ㄨ蒋浠舵湁鍝浜涳纻

钖岃姳椤虹倰镶℃坠链鸿偂绁ㄤ氦鏄撹蒋浠舵瘆杈冨ソ鐢锛岃ヨ蒋浠剁敤鎴峰厤璐逛娇鐢锛岃屼笖缁揿悎鍒稿晢鎺ㄥ嚭璁稿氱増链锛岀Н绱镄勫㈡埛鏁伴噺涔熸渶澶氥

钖岃姳椤烘槸甯傚満涓婃繁鍙楄偂姘戞㈣繋镄勪竴娆惧厤璐圭倰镶＄悊璐㈣蒋浠讹纴璇ヨ蒋浠舵湁妯℃嫙镣掕偂镄勬柟娉曪纴甯锷╂柊镓嬩笂镓嬶纴𨰾ユ湁楂橀熻屾儏銆佹瀬阃熶氦鏄撱佹暟鎹鍏ㄩ溃銆佹敮鎸佸埜鍟嗕䌷澶氥侀嗗厛鏀鎸佽偂鎸囨湡𨱒冨拰娌娓阃氱瓑澶氶”浼桦娍銆傛帹鍑虹殑阃夎偂妯″潡链夊ぇ鏁版嵁阃夎偂锷熻兘锛岃妭鐪佸箍澶ц偂姘戜笉灏戞椂闂淬

钖岃姳椤轰富瑕佷笟锷★细

鍏鍙哥殑涓昏佷笟锷′富瑕佸垎涓轰笁绫伙细璇佸埜淇℃伅链嶅姟杞浠躲佹坠链鸿瘉鍒歌蒋浠跺拰浜ゆ槗绯荤粺杞浠堕攒鍞鍙婄淮鎶ゃ

锛堜竴锛夎瘉鍒镐俊鎭链嶅姟杞浠

璇佸埜淇℃伅链嶅姟杞浠讹纴鍏蜂綋𨱒ヨ达纴鏄鎸囧悜镶℃皯鎻愪緵阃氲繃浜掕仈缃戠倰镶＄殑杞浠躲佽蒋浠舵兜鐩栧ぇ閲忕殑淇℃伅鍜屾暟鎹銆

钖岃姳椤鸿蒋浠跺叏閮ㄥ彲浠ラ氲繃鍏鍙哥绣绔椤拰鍏朵粬缃戠珯涓嬭浇鏂瑰纺鍏嶈垂銮峰彇锛屽熀链琛屾儏鏁版嵁涔熸槸鍏嶈垂钖戝箍澶ф姇璧勮呮彁渚涳纴骞堕氲繃鎻愪緵澧炲艰瘉鍒告湇锷℃敹鍙栬垂鐢ㄣ傚叕鍙告敞鍐岀敤鎴锋暟宸茬粡瓒呰繃7,200澶氢竾浜猴纴姣忔棩浣跨敤钖岃姳椤虹绣涓婅屾儏鍏嶈垂缁堢镄勫㈡埛绾300澶氢竾浜恒

锛堜簩锛夋坠链鸿瘉鍒歌蒋浠

镓嬫満璇佸埜杞浠讹纴链鍏稿瀷镄勪骇鍝佸氨鏄镓嬫満镣掕偂銆傛坠链虹Щ锷ㄩ氲鍜屼簰镵旂绣缁忚繃鍑犲勾镄勯珮阃熷彂灞曪纴鍧囧凡缁忕Н绱浜嗗签澶х殑瀹㈡埛缇ゃ

涓ょ绣镄勭浉浜掕瀺钖堬纴宸茬粡鎴愪负链𨱒ュ彂灞旷殑瓒嫔娍銆傞殢镌镞犵嚎缃戠粶鎶链镄勫彂灞曪纴灏ゅ叾鏄3G缃戠粶镄勬帹鍑猴纴镓嬫満璐㈢粡淇℃伅链嶅姟蹇呭皢鏄缁х绣涓娄氦鏄扑箣钖庣殑链閲嶈佺殑链嶅姟鏂瑰纺涔嬩竴锛屼篃蹇呭皢鎴愪负鍏鍙镐笟缁╁为暱镄勪富瑕佸姩锷涖

鍏鍙镐笌涓锲界Щ锷ㄣ佷腑锲借仈阃氩拰涓锲界数淇″悎浣沧帹鍑虹殑镓嬫満镣掕偂锛岀湡姝ｅ疄鐜颁简镞犵┖闂村湴锘熼檺鍒讹纴璁╂姇璧勮呭彲浠ラ殢镞堕殢鍦拌繘琛岃屾儏浜ゆ槗锛岃幏寰椾简楂樼鍟嗗姟浜虹兢镄勯珮搴﹁ゅ悓銆傚悓鑺遍‘镄勬坠链虹倰镶℃槸锲藉唴链澶с佹敮鎸佹坠链哄瀷鍙锋渶澶氥佹敮鎸佽繍钀ュ晢链瀹屽杽镄勬湇锷℃彁渚涘晢锛屽竞鍦哄崰链夌巼杈60%銆

锛堜笁锛変氦鏄撶郴缁熻蒋浠

浜ゆ槗绯荤粺阌鍞鍜岀淮鎶ゆ槸鍏鍙哥殑浼犵粺涓氩姟锛屼富瑕佸悜鍒稿晢绛夋満鏋勬彁渚涜瘉鍒镐氦鏄揿钩鍙扮瓑绯荤粺锛屼互鍙婃敹鍙栫浉搴旂殑缁存姢璐规敹鍏ャ

钖岃姳椤虹绣涓娄氦鏄撶郴缁熷凡骞挎硾搴旂敤浜庡叏锲107瀹惰瘉鍒稿叕鍙镐腑镄97瀹跺埜鍟嗙殑2600澶氩惰惀涓氶儴涓锛岃嗙洊鐜囱揪鍒颁简905%浠ヤ笂銆

鍏鍙告嫢链夐亶甯冨叏锲界殑淇℃伅鍒嗗彂缃戠粶锛屽湪鍏ㄥ浗锣冨洿鍐呮墭绠′简1,500鍙颁互涓婄殑链嶅姟鍣锛岃兘钖屾椂涓500涓囨姇璧勪汉鎻愪緵骞跺彂镄勮屾儏銆佽祫璁鍜屼俊鎭链嶅姟

缃戜笂镶＄エ浜ゆ槗闇瑕佷笅杞戒粈涔堣蒋浠

1銆佸悓鑺遍‘

钖岃姳椤烘槸涓娆捐缉涓鸿佺墝镄勭倰镶¤蒋浠躲傚叿链夊疄镞躲佸彲瑙嗗寲銆佷究鎹风殑镎崭綔锛岃垂鐢ㄤ绠寤夌瓑鐗圭偣锛岀敤鎴峰彲瀹炴椂镆ヨ淇℃伅骞惰繘琛屼氦鏄掳纴杩欐棤鐤戝皢瀵逛腑锲戒节鍗冨氢竾镶℃皯褰㈡垚宸ㄥぇ钖稿紩锷涖傛弧瓒抽殢镞堕殢鍦扮殑镆ラ槄娌娣变袱鍦版寚鏁般佷釜镶″强镞堕珮阃熻屾儏銆佹妧链鍒嗘瀽銆佷釜镶″熀链闱㈣祫鏂欍佷赴瀵岀儹镣硅祫璁绛夋湇锷°傜己镣瑰湪浜庝笉鏀鎸佽嚜瀹氢箟鍏寮忚繘琛屽巻鍙叉帓搴忕殑锷熻兘銆

2銆佹姇璧勪缭濮

鎶曡祫淇濆嗘槸涓娆惧厤璐圭殑镣掕偂杞浠躲备笉浠呬负骞垮ぇ鐢ㄦ埛鍜屾姇璧勭埍濂借呮彁渚涗笓涓氲偂绁ㄣ佸熀閲戙佺佸嫙銆佽吹閲戝睘绛夎屼笟链鏂版渶鍏蜂环鍊肩殑璧勮锛屾洿鏄涓涓鍑嗘姇璧勮呫佸埯绾ф姇璧勮呯殑璐㈠瘜鎶曡祫鏁栾偛骞冲彴銆

闄や简璁╀綘绾佃傚叏灞锛岀粰浣犲垎鏋愮嫭瀹剁瓥鐣ヤ箣澶栵纴杩樻暀浣犻変釜镶(𨱒′欢阃夎偂锛屾満鏋勯夎偂锛屾柊闂婚夎偂锛岄夎偂鐪佷簨鐪佸姏锛屾洿链夌嫭瀹惰崘镶℃帹阃!)銆佸甫浣犵湅琛屾儏(鍦ㄧ嚎鏂囧瓧/瑙嗛戠洿鎾锛岄《灏栭噾铻嶅垎鏋愬笀鍊惧姏璁茶В锛屼笌浣犲叡璧忚偂甯傚ぇ璁°)

鎶曡祫淇濆嗙殑链澶х壒镩插氨鏄鍦ㄧ嚎鐩存挱闂达纴瀹炴椂鍒嗕韩镫瀹剁殑鎶曡祫瑙傜偣鍙婃搷浣灭瓥鐣ャ傝繖涔熸槸鎶曡祫淇濆嗗尯鍒浜庡叾浠栫倰镶¤蒋浠剁殑链澶т紭锷夸箣涓銆

3銆佹搷鐩樻坠

涓婃捣鐩婄洘杞浠舵妧链链夐檺鍏鍙告槸涓瀹朵笓闂ㄤ粠浜嬭瘉鍒歌蒋浠剁爷鍙戜笌阌鍞镄勯珮鏂版妧链浼佷笟锛屼富瑕佷骇鍝佲沧搷鐩樻坠璇佸埜鎶曡祫鍐崇瓥绯荤粺钬濊涓绉戦櫌璇勫畾涓衡滃浗鍐呴嗗厛锛屽浗闄呭厛杩涒濈殑璇佸埜杞浠躲傝ョ倰镶¤蒋浠剁殑鑳借╄偂姘戣交𨱒惧疄鐜扮湅琛屾儏銆佹姄娉㈡点佽昏祫璁銆侀夌墰镶°

4銆佸ぇ鏅烘収

澶ф櫤鎱т富瑕佸姛鑳芥湁锛氲屾儏鍒楄〃銆佸垎镞惰蛋锷裤并绾垮浘銆佸熀链闱銆佽嚜阃夎偂璁惧畾銆佸ぇ浜嬩綋鍨嬨佷俊鎭鍦伴浄浠ュ强瀹炴椂瑙ｇ洏绛夈备紭镣癸细铡熸潵镄60涓嶉敊锛岀幇鍦ㄥ己鍒舵柊涓浠ｄ简;缂虹偣锛氢骇鍝佷互鏀惰垂涓哄煎悜浜嗭纴鏂颁竴浠ｈ蒋浠舵嵁鐢ㄦ埛鍙嶉堥兘璇撮毦鐢锛屾ц兘涓嶅熺ǔ瀹氾纴琛屾儏镞舵湁镞舵柇锛屼笉鏀鎸佸埜鍟嗕氦鏄撱

5銆侀氲揪淇

杞浠堕熷害寰埚揩锛屽姛鑳藉己澶э纴鐣岄溃鍙嫔ソ锛屾搷浣灭亩鍗曪纴杩愯岀ǔ瀹氾纴璁＄畻鍑嗙‘镐ч珮銆傜己镣瑰湪浜庨勮﹀姛鑳藉お寮憋纴钖屾椂缂哄皯鍒嗘瀽镄勬暟鎹锛屽悗链熸湇锷¤缉灏戙

鍙浠ヤ笅杞藉悓鑺遍‘涔拌偂绁ㄣ

1銆佹墦寮钖岃姳椤篈PP銆

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4銆佽繘鍏ラ〉闱锛岄夋嫨钬滀拱鍏モ濄

5銆佽緭鍏ヨ嚜宸辨兂瑕佷拱鍏ョ殑镶＄エ浠ｇ爜锛屼篃鍙浠ュ湪琛屾儏椤甸溃阃夋嫨镶＄エ锛屽彲镙规嵁镶＄エ浠锋牸杩涜屾帓搴忥纴阃夋嫨镊宸辨兂瑕佷拱鍏ョ殑镶＄エ鍗冲彲銆

6銆侀夋嫨璐涔扮殑鏁伴噺锛岀偣鍑荤澶存墍鎸囧勭殑钬滀拱鍏モ濆氨鍙浠ヤ简銆

2. 镣掕偂绁ㄨ蒋浠朵笅杞芥帓钖

涓沧柟璐㈠瘜锛氢笢鏂硅储瀵屾槸锲藉唴棰嗗厛镄勯噾铻崭俊鎭链嶅姟鍟嗭纴鎻愪緵镶＄エ銆佸熀閲戙佸哄埜銆佹湡璐х瓑澶氱嶆姇璧勫搧绉岖殑瀹炴椂琛屾儏銆佽祫璁銆佺爷绌舵姤锻娿佷氦鏄撶瓑链嶅姟銆
鐖辫偂绁锛氱埍镶＄エ鏄涓娆句笓娉ㄤ簬镶＄エ鎶曡祫镄勮蒋浠讹纴鎻愪緵镶＄エ瀹炴椂琛屾儏銆佽祫璁銆佺爷绌舵姤锻娿佷氦鏄撶瓑链嶅姟锛岀敤鎴蜂綋楠岃坛濂姐

3. 镣掕偂杞浠舵帓钖嶅墠鍗

1 钖岃姳椤篈PP

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闄や简杞浠讹纴钖岃姳椤哄湪璧勮鍐呭逛笂涔熸涓岖ず寮憋纴钥屾暣浣挞庢牸涔熸洿锷犱簰镵旂绣锣冿纴鍙楀埌浜嗘瘆杈冨氱殑骞磋交涓浠ｈ偂姘戠殑锽灭埍銆

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璇佸埜鍜岃偂绁ㄦ湁浠涔埚尯鍒锛熶负浠涔埚彨璇佸埜锛

1銆併夹 Philosophy for Our Time銆嬶纸1954骞达级

2銆併奙y Own Story銆嬶纸1957骞达纴镊浼狅级

3銆併夿aruch: The Public Years銆嬶纸1960骞达纴镊浼狅级

4銆併夿ernard M Baruch: the Adventures of a Wall Street legend銆嬶纴1993骞村埯鐗堛1997骞村啀鐗堬纴浣滆匤ames Grant銆备腑璇戞湰钖崭负銆婂崕灏旇楀啋闄╁讹细鎶曡祫澶у笀宸撮瞾鍏嬩紶銆嬶纴2007骞村嚭鐗堛

1銆併奟eminiscences of a Stock Operator銆嬶纴1923骞撮栨″嚭鐗堬纴浣滆匛dwin Lefevre銆备腑璇戞湰宸茬粡链変笁涓锛屾捣鍗楀嚭鐗堢ぞ锛1999骞达级銆佷笂娴疯储缁忓ぇ瀛﹀嚭鐗堢ぞ锛2006骞达级鍧囧彇钖崭负銆婅偂绁ㄤ綔镓嫔洖蹇嗗綍銆嬶纴鍦伴渿鍑虹増绀撅纸2007骞达级鍙栧悕涓恒婅偂绁ㄥぇ浣沧坠锲炲繂褰曘嬨

2銆併奌ow to Trade in Stocks銆嬶纴浣滆匤esse Livermore锛1940骞3链埚嚭鐗堬级銆备腑璇戞湰钖崭负銆婅偂绁ㄥぇ浣沧坠镎岖洏链銆嬶纴涓佸湥鍏幂炕璇戯纴浼佷笟绠＄悊鍑虹増绀2003骞淬

3銆併奌ow to Trade in Stocks銆嬶纴铡熻宪Jesse Livermore锛1940骞3链埚嚭鐗堬级锛孯ichard Smitten琛ョ紪锛2001骞村嚭鐗堬级銆备腑璇戞湰钖崭负銆娄笘鐣屼笂链浼熷ぇ镄勪氦鏄揿晢锛氲偂甯备綔镓嬫澃瑗•鍒╁䌷銮灏旀搷鐩樼樿瘈銆嬶纴鍦伴渿鍑虹増绀撅纸2007骞达级銆

4銆併奂esse Livermore锛歋peculator-King銆嬶纴Paul Sarnoff锛1967骞/1985骞达级銆

5銆併奣rade Like Jesse Livermore銆嬶纴Richard Smitten锛2004骞达级銆

1銆併奡ecurity Analysis銆嬶纴1934骞村埯鐗堬纴浣滆匓enjamin Graham锛娈avid Dodd銆备腑璇戞湰钖崭负銆婅瘉鍒稿垎鏋愩嬨

2銆併奣he Intelligent Investor銆嬶纴1949骞村埯鐗堬纴浣滆匓enjamin Graham銆备腑璇戞湰钖崭负銆婅仾鏄庣殑鎶曡祫钥呫嬨併婃牸闆峰卺濮嗘姇璧勬寚鍗椼嬨

3銆併夿enjamin Graham: The Memoirs Of The Dean Of Wall Street銆媌y Benjamin Graham and Seymour Chatman (editor) 锛1996锛夈备腑璇戞湰钖崭负銆婃牸闆峰卺濮嗗崕灏旇楁暀鐖跺洖蹇嗗綍銆嬶纸涓婃捣杩滀笢鍑虹増绀撅纴2008骞达级

4銆併夿enjamin Graham On Value Investing: Lessons From The Dean Of Wall Street銆嬶纴浣滆匤anet Lowe銆备腑璇戞湰钖崭负銆婃湰𨱒版槑•镙奸浄铡勫呜轰环鍊兼姇璧勚嬶纸1999骞达级銆

1銆佹槸宸濋摱钘93宀佹椂鎾板啓镄勮嚜浼犮婅偂甯备箣绁烇细鏄宸濋摱钘忋嬶纴鍙版咕镞舵姤鏂囧寲鍑虹増绀1991骞淬2005骞村嚭鐗堟湁涓鏂囩増銆

2銆侀噹宸濈紪镢楃殑銆婅偂绁烇细鏄宸濋摱钘忎紶濂囥嬶纴2001骞达纴涓锲芥。妗埚嚭鐗堢ぞ銆

1銆併奣he Battle for Investment Survival銆嬶纴1935骞村埯鐗堬纴浣滆匞erald M Loeb锛屼腑璇戞湰钖崭负銆婃姇璧勫瓨浜℃垬銆嬨

2銆併奣he Battle for Stock Market Profits銆嬶纴1971骞村埯鐗堬纴浣滆匞erald M Loeb銆

镊浼犮奡o Far锛孲o Good锛歍he First 94 Years銆嬶纴涓璇戞湰钖崭负銆娄笘绾镣掕偂璧㈠躲嬶纸涓锲芥爣鍑嗗嚭鐗堢ぞ锛夈併婂繝锻婏细𨱒ヨ嚜94骞寸殑鎶曡祫鐢熸动銆嬶纸涓婃捣璐㈢粡澶у﹀嚭鐗堢ぞ锛夈傜戞枃锛堥欐腐锛夊嚭鐗堟湁闄愬叕鍙2003骞寸殑涓璇戞湰鍙栧悕涓恒婇噾阍变笌镩烘湳锛氱编锲藉叡钖屽熀閲戜箣鐖剁绥浼娐风航浼镙艰嚜浼犮

绉戞柉镓樻媺灏间竴鍏辨湁13链镢椾綔锛屼腑璇戞湰宸茬粡鍑虹増浜6链銆

1銆併婂ぇ鎶曟満瀹躲嬶纴鍙︿竴涓鐗埚悕涓恒婇噾阍辨父鎴忥细涓涓鎶曟満钥呯殑锻婄槠銆

2銆併婂ぇ鎶曟満瀹2锛氢竴涓鎶曟満钥呯殑鏅烘収銆

3銆併婂ぇ鎶曟満瀹3锛氲偂绁ㄥ煿璁鐝銆

4銆併婂ぇ鎶曟満瀹4锛氭渶浣抽噾阍辨晠浜嬨

5銆併婂ぇ鎶曟満瀹5銆

6銆併婂ぇ鎶曟満瀹剁殑璇佸埜蹇幂悊瀛︺

凿插埄鏅•璐硅垗镄勮宪浣沧槸銆奀ommon Stocks and Uncommon Profits and Other Writings銆嬶纴涓や釜涓璇戞湰閮藉彇钖崭负銆婃庢牱阃夋嫨鎴愰暱镶°嬨

杩欐湰涔﹀叾瀹炲寘𨰾涓夋湰涓嶅悓镞舵湡瀹屾垚镄勮宪浣滐细

銆奀ommon Stocks And Uncommon Profits銆嬶纸銆婃庢牱阃夋嫨鎴愰暱镶°嬶纴1958骞达级銆

銆奀onservative Investors Sleep Well銆嬶纸銆娄缭瀹埚瀷鎶曡祫浜哄滃滃畨鏋曘嬶纴1975骞达级銆

銆奃eveloping An Investment Philosophy銆嬶纸銆婂彂灞曟姇璧勫摬瀛︺嬶纴1980骞达级銆

銆婃埓缁存柉鐜嬫浈锛图avis Dynasty锛夈嬭繖链涔︾殑浣滆呮槸涓庡郊寰•鏋楀囧悎镢椾笁链鐣呴攒涔︾殑John Rothchild锛屽郊寰•鏋楀囦负璇ヤ功浣滃簭銆

1銆"Spiritual Investments: Wall Street Wisdom From The Career Of Sir John Templeton" by Gary D Moore (1998)

2銆"Golden Nuggets From Sir John Templeton" by John Templeton(1997) 锛屼腑璇戞湰钖崭负銆婄害缈•闾撴櫘椤跨埖澹镄勯噾镰栥嬨

3銆"21 Steps To Personal Success And Real Happiness" by John Marks Templeton and James Ellison (1992)

4銆併婄害缈伴倱鏅椤跨殑鎶曡祫涔嬮亾銆 (缇)涔旂撼妫鎴寸淮鏂绛

5銆併婇倱鏅椤挎暀浣犻嗗悜鎶曡祫锛氱墰甯傚拰镡婂竞閮界ǔ璧氱殑闀胯耽鎶曡祫娉曘媅缇嶿 闾撴櫘椤匡纴[缇嶿 凿插埄鏅鏂 镢

1銆"The Little Book Of Common Sense Investing: The Only Way To Guarantee Your Fair Share Of Stock Market Returns" by John C Bogle (2007)锛屼腑璇戞湰钖崭负銆婇暱璧㈡姇璧勚嬶纸涓淇″嚭鐗堢ぞ锛2008骞5链埚嚭鐗堬级銆

2銆"Bogle On Mutual Funds" by John C Bogle (1994) 锛屼腑璇戞湰钖崭负銆娄集镙艰皥鍏卞悓锘洪噾銆嬨

3銆"Common Sense On Mutual Funds: New Imperatives For The Intelligent Investor" by John C Bogle (1999)銆

4銆"John Bogle On Investing: The First 50 Years" by John C Bogle (2000)锛屼腑璇戞湰钖崭负銆娄集镙兼姇璧勚嬨

5銆"The Vanguard Experiment: John Bogle's Quest To Transform The Mutual Fund Instry" by Robert Slater (1996)銆

1銆"The Alchemy Of Finance" by George Soros (1988) 锛屼腑璇戞湰钖崭负銆婇噾铻岖偧閲戞湳銆嬨

2銆"Soros On Soros: Staying Ahead Of The Curve" by George Soros(1995) 锛屼腑璇戞湰钖崭负銆婄储缃楁柉锛氲蛋鍦ㄨ偂甯傛洸绾垮墠闱㈢殑浜恒嬨

3銆"Open Society: Reforming Global Capitalism" by George Soros(2001) 锛屼腑璇戞湰钖崭负銆婂紑鏀剧ぞ浼氾细鏀归潻鍏ㄧ悆璧勬湰涓讳箟銆嬨

4銆"The Bubble Of American Supremacy: Correcting The Misuse Of American Power"by George Soros(2003) 锛屼腑璇戞湰钖崭负銆婄编锲界殑闇告潈娉℃搏銆嬨

5銆"George Soros on Globalization" by George Soros(2002)锛屼腑璇戞湰钖崭负銆婄储缃楁柉璁哄叏鐞冨寲銆嬨

6銆"Soros: The Life And Times Of A Messianic Billionaire" by Michael Kaufman(2002)銆

"John Neff On Investing" by John Neff and Steven L Mintz (2001)锛屼腑璇戞湰钖崭负銆婄害缈•镵傚か镄勬垚锷熸姇璧勚嬨

1銆" How To Make Money In Stocks" by William J O'Neil(1988)锛屼腑璇戞湰钖崭负銆婄瑧鍌茶偂甯伞嬨

2銆"24 Essential Lessons For Investment Success" by William J O'Neil (1999)锛屼腑璇戞湰钖崭负銆婅偂绁ㄦ姇璧勭殑24鍫傚繀淇璇俱嬨

3銆"The Successful Investor" by William J O'Neil(2003)锛屼腑璇戞湰钖崭负銆婅偂绁ㄤ拱鍗栧师鍒欍嬨

4銆丠ow to Make Money Selling Stocks Short, co-author with Gil Morales, Wiley (December 24, 2004), ISBN 0471710490锛屼腑璇戞湰钖崭负銆婂备綍鍦ㄥ崠绌轰腑銮峰埄銆嬨

缃楁澃鏂鍐栾繃锲涙湰鐣呴攒涔︼细銆婄儹闂ㄥ晢鍝佹姇璧勶纸Hot Commodities锛夈嬨併婇庨橹鎶曡祫瀹剁幆鐞冩父璁般嬨併婃姇璧勯獞澹銆嫔拰銆娄腑锲界墰甯伞嬨傛浘缁忎袱娆＄幆娓镐笘鐣岋纴绗涓娆″湪1990骞达纴缃楁澃鏂楠戠潃鎽╂墭杞︾幆娓镐笘鐣岋纴杩涜屽疄鍦拌冨疗骞惰繘琛屾姇璧勚备粬鎶婂硅繖浜涘浗瀹剁殑缁忔祹𨱍呭喌鍜屾父铡嗗啓鎴愩婃姇璧勯獞澹銆(Investment Biker)锛岃ヤ功鍏遍攒鍞浜50涓囧唽锛岃銆婄航绾︽椂鎶ャ嬭瘎涓衡沧渶浣抽攒鍞锲句功钬濄

绗浜屾℃槸1999骞达纴寮镌濂旈┌镞呰岃溅锛屽巻镞朵笁骞达纴阃旂粡116涓锲藉讹纴浠庡啺宀涘嚭鍙戠粡杩囨ф床銆佹棩链銆佷腑锲姐佷縿缃楁柉銆侀潪娲层佸崡鏋併佹境澶у埄浜氥佸崡缇庢床铹跺悗锲炲埌缇庡浗锛屾墦镰翠简钖夊凹鏂涓栫晫璁板綍銆傜浜屾＄幆鐞冩梾琛岀殑鎴愭灉涔嬩竴鏄銆夹dventure Capitalist銆嬬殑鍑虹増

1銆両nvestment Biker: Around the World with Jim Rogers - 1995 (ISBN 1-55850-529-6)锛屼腑璇戞湰钖崭负銆婃姇璧勯獞澹銆嬨

2銆丄dventure Capitalist: The Ultimate Road Trip - 2003 (ISBN 0375509127)锛屼腑璇戞湰钖崭负銆婇庨橹鎶曡祫瀹剁幆鐞冩父璁般/銆婄帺璧氩湴鐞冦嬨

3銆丠ot Commodities : How Anyone Can Invest Profitably in the World's Best Market - 2004 (ISBN 140006337X)锛屼腑璇戞湰钖崭负銆婄儹闂ㄥ晢鍝佹姇璧勚嬨

4銆丄 Bull in China: Investing Profitably in the World's Greatest Market - December 4, 2007 (ISBN 1400066166)锛屼腑璇戞湰钖崭负銆娄腑锲界墰甯伞嬨

1銆"One Up On Wall Street" by Peter Lynch with John Rothchild (1989)锛屼腑璇戞湰钖崭负銆婂郊寰•鏋楀囩殑鎴愬姛鎶曡祫銆嬨

2銆"Beating The Street"Peter Lynch with John Rothchild (1993)锛屼腑璇戞湰钖崭负銆婃垬鑳滃崕灏旇椼嬨

3銆"Learn To Earn"Peter Lynch with John Rothchild (1996)銆

Bolton, Anthony; Davis, Jonathan (1 November 2006) Investing with Anthony Bolton, 2nd, Petersfield, Hampshire: Harriman House ISBN 9781905641116 涓璇戞湰钖崭负銆婂畨涓滃凹•娉㈤】鏁欎綘阃夎偂銆嬨

涓鍗庤佸瓧鍙风浉鍏崇殑镶＄エ链夊摢浜涳纻

璇佸埜鏄鎸囧彲浠ヨ繘琛屼氦鏄撶殑閲戣瀺宸ュ叿锛屾槸璇佹槑镆愮嶆潈鐩婏纸濡傝偂浠姐佸烘潈銆佽揣甯佺瓑锛夋垨瀵规煇绉嶈祫浜э纸濡傛埧鍦颁骇銆侀粍閲戙佸师娌广佸栨眹绛夛级镓链夋潈镄勫嚟璇併傝岃偂绁ㄦ槸璇佸埜镄勪竴绉嶏纴鏄鎸囦竴瀹跺叕鍙稿彂琛岀殑璇佸埜锛岃瘉鏄庤偂涓滃硅ュ叕鍙告嫢链変竴瀹氭瘆渚嬬殑镶′唤鍜屾潈鐩娿傚洜姝わ纴镶＄エ鏄璇佸埜镄勪竴绉嶏纴钥岃瘉鍒稿张鍖呮嫭浜呜偂绁ㄥ湪鍐呯殑澶氱嶉噾铻嶅伐鍏枫

璇佸埜浣滀负閲戣瀺甯傚満镄勯吨瑕佺粍鎴愰儴鍒嗭纴鍏锋湁娴侀氭у己銆佺伒娲绘ч珮銆佷环鍊肩ǔ瀹氱瓑鐗圭偣锛屽彲浠ュ府锷╂姇璧勮呰幏寰楅庨橹鍜屾敹鐩婄殑骞宠锛屽悓镞朵篃鍙浠ュ府锷╀紒涓氲瀺璧勫拰鏀瑰杽璧勬湰缁撴瀯銆傝瘉鍒稿竞鍦烘槸涓涓鍏呮弧镌链洪亣鍜岄庨橹镄勫竞鍦猴纴闇瑕佹姇璧勮呭叿澶囦竴瀹氱殑鐞呜储鐭ヨ瘑鍜岄庨橹镒忚瘑锛屾墠鑳藉熸洿濂藉湴鎶婃彙鎶曡祫链轰细鍜岄檷浣庢姇璧勯庨橹銆

璇佸埜杩欎竴链璇镄勮捣婧愶纴链镞╁彲浠ヨ拷婧鍒16涓栫邯镄勮嵎鍏般傚綋镞惰嵎鍏颁笢鍗板害鍏鍙搁渶瑕佸ぇ閲忚祫閲戞姇鍏ュ埌娴峰栬锤鏄扑腑锛屽洜姝ゅ彂琛岃偂绁ㄦ潵闆呜祫锛岃繖涔熸槸鍏ㄧ悆绗涓瀹跺彂琛岃偂绁ㄧ殑鍏鍙搞傚湪姝ゅ悗镄勫彂灞曡繃绋嬩腑锛岃瘉鍒镐綔涓轰竴绉嶉噾铻嶅伐鍏烽愭笎琚瓒婃潵瓒婂氱殑锲藉跺拰鍦板尯镓閲囩敤锛屽苟涓旈愭笎鍙戝𪾢鍑轰简澶氱嶅舰寮忓拰绫诲瀷锛屽傝偂绁ㄣ佸哄埜銆佸熀閲戙佹湡璐х瓑銆傝呖浠婏纴璇佸埜甯傚満宸茬粡鎴愪负浜嗗叏鐞冮噾铻嶅竞鍦轰腑链娲昏穬鍜屽弹鍏虫敞镄勯嗗烟涔嬩竴銆

镐讳箣锛岃瘉鍒告槸涓绉嶉噾铻嶅伐鍏凤纴鏄璇佹槑镆愮嶆潈鐩婃垨瀵规煇绉嶈祫浜ф嫢链夋墍链夋潈镄勫嚟璇併傝偂绁ㄦ槸璇佸埜镄勪竴绉嶏纴璇佹槑镶′笢瀵逛竴瀹跺叕鍙告嫢链変竴瀹氭瘆渚嬬殑镶′唤鍜屾潈鐩娿傝瘉鍒稿竞鍦哄垯鏄涓涓鍏呮弧链洪亣鍜岄庨橹镄勯噾铻嶅竞鍦猴纴闇瑕佹姇璧勮呭叿澶囦竴瀹氱殑鐞呜储鐭ヨ瘑鍜岄庨橹镒忚瘑銆

镶＄エ鍑虹幇浠欓工绁为拡鏄濂芥槸鍧

1銆佹禉姹熼渿鍏冿纸000705锛夛细钬滈渿鍏冨爞钬濇槸娴欐睙闇囧厓鍖昏嵂杩为挛链夐檺鍏鍙哥殑娉ㄥ唽鍟嗘爣銆傞渿鍏冨爞鍒濆垱浜庢竻涔鹃殕鍗佷竷骞达纸1752锛夛纴铡嗗彶涔嬩箙涔幂粛鍏磋稿簵涔嬮瓉锛岀浉浼犲垱濮嬩汉𨱒沧櫙婀(鎱堟邯𨱒滃舵ˉ浜)铡熷湪姘存缎妗ユ憜钻鎽婅捣瀹躲傞渿鍏冨爞鍦ㄧ粡钀ヤ笂镄勯栬佺壒镩叉槸璐х湡浠峰疄锛岀湡涓崭簩浠枫傛棫绀句细澶у皬钻搴楁棤涓嶆寕涓娾沧湐链涗节镓ｏ纴阃愭棩涔濅簲钬濈墝瀛愶纴钥岄渿鍏冨爞鍗翠笉鎶树笉镓ｇ己涓涓嶅崠锛屾皯闂寸礌浠モ滈噾瀛楁嫑鐗屸濈浉绉般

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镶＄エ鍑鍊硷细镶＄エ涓婂竞钖庯纴褰㈡垚浜嗗疄闄呮垚浜や环镙硷纴杩椤氨鏄阃氩父镓璇寸殑镶＄エ浠锋牸锛屽嵆镶′环銆傝偂浠峰ぇ鍗婇兘鍜岀エ闱浠锋牸澶ф湁宸鍒锛屼竴鑸镓璋撹偂绁ㄥ噣鍊兼槸鎸囧凡鍙戣岀殑镶＄エ镓钖镄勫唴鍦ㄤ环鍊硷纴浠庝细璁″﹁傜偣𨱒ョ湅锛岃偂绁ㄥ噣鍊肩瓑浜庡叕鍙歌祫浜у噺铡昏礋鍊虹殑鍓╀綑鐩堜綑锛屽啀闄や互璇ュ叕鍙告墍鍙戣岀殑镶＄エ镐绘暟銆

镶＄エ锻ㄨ浆鐜囷细涓骞翠腑镶＄エ浜ゆ槗镄勮偂鏁板崰浜ゆ槗镓涓婂竞镶＄エ镶℃暟銆佷釜浜哄拰链烘瀯鍙戣屾昏偂鏁扮殑锏惧垎姣斻

濮旀瘆锛氭槸琛￠噺镆愪竴镞舵典拱鍗栫洏鐩稿瑰己搴︾殑鎸囨爣銆傚畠镄勮＄畻鍏寮忎负濮旀瘆=(濮斾拱镓嬫暟锛嶅斿崠镓嬫暟)/锛埚斾拱镓嬫暟+濮斿崠镓嬫暟锛壝100%銆

閲忔瘆锛氭槸涓涓琛￠噺鐩稿规垚浜ら噺镄勬寚镙囷纴瀹冩槸寮甯傚悗姣忓垎阍熺殑骞冲潎鎴愪氦閲忎笌杩囧幓5 涓浜ゆ槗镞ユ疮鍒嗛挓骞冲潎鎴愪氦閲忎箣姣斻

甯傜泩鐜囷细鏄链甯哥敤𨱒ヨ瘎浼拌偂浠锋按骞虫槸钖﹀悎鐞嗙殑鎸囨爣涔嬩竴锛岀敱镶′环闄や互骞村害姣忚偂鐩堜綑(EPS)寰楀嚭(浠ュ叕鍙稿竞鍊奸櫎浠ュ勾搴﹁偂涓滃簲鍗犳孩鍒╀害鍙寰楀嚭鐩稿悓缁撴灉)銆

4. 镣掕偂绁ㄧ殑閮界敤浠涔堣蒋浠讹纻

姣旇缉绐佸嚭镄勫嚑娆炬帹钻愶细

1銆傚悓鑺遍‘

涓嬭浇瀹樻柟缃戠珯锛 >

1銆佹墦寮钖岃姳椤篈PP銆

2銆佽繘鍏ラ〉闱涓锛岄夋嫨鍙充笅瑙掆滀氦鏄撯濄

3銆佺橱闄呜嚜宸辩殑璐︽埛銆

4銆佽繘鍏ラ〉闱锛岄夋嫨钬滀拱鍏モ濄

5銆佽緭鍏ヨ嚜宸辨兂瑕佷拱鍏ョ殑镶＄エ浠ｇ爜锛屼篃鍙浠ュ湪琛屾儏椤甸溃阃夋嫨镶＄エ锛屽彲镙规嵁镶＄エ浠锋牸杩涜屾帓搴忥纴阃夋嫨镊宸辨兂瑕佷拱鍏ョ殑镶＄エ鍗冲彲銆

6銆侀夋嫨璐涔扮殑鏁伴噺锛岀偣鍑荤澶存墍鎸囧勭殑钬滀拱鍏モ濆氨鍙浠ヤ简銆

涔拌偂绁ㄨ蒋浠舵湁鍝浜涳纻

閮藉樊涓嶅氾纴浠ヤ笅鏄甯歌佺殑镣掕偂杞浠讹细钖岃姳椤猴细鍏嶈垂杞浠讹纴鏀鎸佸叏锲90澶氩跺埜鍟嗙绣涓娄氦鏄掳绂澶ф櫤鎱э细锘虹镣掕偂杞浠讹纴阃傚悎鍒濆叆镶″竞镄勬柊镓嬶绂阃氲揪淇★细链堿镶°丅镶＄殑瀹炴椂琛屾儏鍒嗘瀽锛屽苟涓旇缮链塃TF鍒嗘瀽绛夊叾浠栧姛鑳斤绂涓沧柟璐㈠瘜锛氭槸闂ㄦ埛缃戠珯涓沧柟璐㈠瘜缃戠爷鍙戠殑鍏嶈垂镣掕偂杞浠躲

镓╁𪾢璧勬枡锛

镶＄エ锛坰tock锛夋槸镶′唤鍏鍙告墍链夋潈镄勪竴閮ㄥ垎锛屼篃鏄鍙戣岀殑镓链夋潈鍑璇侊纴鏄镶′唤鍏鍙镐负绛归泦璧勯噾钥屽彂琛岀粰钖勪釜镶′笢浣滀负鎸佽偂鍑璇佸苟鍊熶互鍙栧缑镶℃伅鍜岀孩鍒╃殑涓绉嶆湁浠疯瘉鍒革纴鍙浠ユ牴鎹镊宸辩殑闇瑕佽繘琛岃喘涔般

镶＄エ鏄璧勬湰甯傚満镄勯暱链熶俊鐢ㄥ伐鍏凤纴鍙浠ヨ浆璁╋纴涔板崠锛岃偂涓滃嚟鍊熷畠鍙浠ュ垎浜鍏鍙哥殑鍒╂鼎锛屼絾涔熻佹圹𨰾呭叕鍙歌繍浣滈敊璇镓甯︽潵镄勯庨橹銆傛疮镶¤偂绁ㄩ兘浠ｈ〃镶′笢瀵逛紒涓氭嫢链変竴涓锘烘湰鍗曚綅镄勬墍链夋潈銆傛疮瀹朵笂甯傚叕鍙搁兘浼氩彂琛岃偂绁ㄣ

钖屼竴绫诲埆镄勬疮涓浠借偂绁ㄦ墍浠ｈ〃镄勫叕鍙告墍链夋潈鏄鐩哥瓑镄勚傛疮涓镶′笢镓𨰾ユ湁镄勫叕鍙告墍链夋潈浠介濈殑澶у皬锛屽彇鍐充簬鍏舵寔链夌殑镶＄エ鏁伴噺鍗犲叕鍙告昏偂链镄勬瘆閲嶃傝偂绁ㄦ槸镶′唤鍏鍙歌祫链镄勬瀯鎴愰儴鍒嗭纴鍙浠ヨ浆璁┿佷拱鍗栵纴鏄璧勬湰甯傚満镄勪富瑕侀暱链熶俊鐢ㄥ伐鍏凤纴浣嗕笉鑳借佹眰鍏鍙歌繑杩桦叾鍑鸿祫銆

镣掕偂锛屾寚鍊掍拱鍊掑崠镶＄エ銆傜倰镶＄殑镙稿绩鍐呭瑰氨鏄阃氲繃璇佸埜甯傚満镄勪拱鍏ヤ笌鍗栧嚭涔嬮棿镄勮偂浠峰樊棰濓纴銮峰彇鍒╂鼎銆傝偂浠风殑娑ㄨ穼镙规嵁甯傚満琛屾儏镄勬尝锷ㄨ屽彉鍖栵纴涔嬫墍浠ヨ偂浠风殑娉㈠姩缁忓父鍑虹幇宸寮傚寲鐗瑰緛锛屾簮浜庤祫閲戠殑鍏虫敞𨱍呭喌锛屼粬浠涔嬮棿镄勫叧绯伙纴濂芥瘆姘翠笌鑸圭殑鍏崇郴銆傛按婧㈡弧鍒栾埞楂桡纴锛堣祫閲戝ぇ閲忔秾鍏ュ垯镶′环娑锛夛纴姘存灟绔钥岃埞娴咃纸璧勯噾澶ч噺娴佸嚭鍒栾偂浠疯穼锛夈

鍒拌瘉鍒稿叕鍙稿紑鎴凤纴锷炵悊涓婅瘉鎴栨繁璇佽偂涓滃笎鎴峰崱銆佽祫閲戣处鎴枫佺绣涓娄氦鏄扑笟锷°佺数璇濅氦鏄扑笟锷＄瓑链夊叧镓嬬画銆傜劧钖庯纴涓嬭浇璇佸埜鍏鍙告寚瀹氱殑缃戜笂浜ゆ槗杞浠躲傚埌阈惰屽紑娲绘湡甯愭埛锛屽苟涓旈氲繃阈惰瘉杞璐︿笟锷★纴鎶婇挶瀛桦叆阈惰屻

鐜板湪涔拌偂绁ㄧ敤镄勫摢娆捐蒋浠讹纻

1銆佸悓鑺遍‘

钖岃姳椤烘槸涓娆捐缉涓鸿佺墝镄勭倰镶¤蒋浠躲傚叿链夊疄镞躲佸彲瑙嗗寲銆佷究鎹风殑镎崭綔锛岃垂鐢ㄤ绠寤夌瓑鐗圭偣锛岀敤鎴峰彲瀹炴椂镆ヨ淇℃伅骞惰繘琛屼氦鏄掳纴杩欐棤鐤戝皢瀵逛腑锲戒节鍗冨氢竾镶℃皯褰㈡垚宸ㄥぇ钖稿紩锷涖傛弧瓒抽殢镞堕殢鍦扮殑镆ラ槄娌娣变袱鍦版寚鏁般佷釜镶″强镞堕珮阃熻屾儏銆佹妧链鍒嗘瀽銆佷釜镶″熀链闱㈣祫鏂欍佷赴瀵岀儹镣硅祫璁绛夋湇锷°傜己镣瑰湪浜庝笉鏀鎸佽嚜瀹氢箟鍏寮忚繘琛屽巻鍙叉帓搴忕殑锷熻兘銆

2銆佹姇璧勪缭濮

鎶曡祫淇濆嗘槸涓娆惧厤璐圭殑镣掕偂杞浠躲备笉浠呬负骞垮ぇ鐢ㄦ埛鍜屾姇璧勭埍濂借呮彁渚涗笓涓氲偂绁ㄣ佸熀閲戙佺佸嫙銆佽吹閲戝睘绛夎屼笟链鏂版渶鍏蜂环鍊肩殑璧勮锛屾洿鏄涓涓鍑嗘姇璧勮呫佸埯绾ф姇璧勮呯殑璐㈠瘜鎶曡祫鏁栾偛骞冲彴銆

闄や简璁╀綘绾佃傚叏灞锛岀粰浣犲垎鏋愮嫭瀹剁瓥鐣ヤ箣澶栵纴杩樻暀浣犻変釜镶(𨱒′欢阃夎偂锛屾満鏋勯夎偂锛屾柊闂婚夎偂锛岄夎偂鐪佷簨鐪佸姏锛屾洿链夌嫭瀹惰崘镶℃帹阃!)銆佸甫浣犵湅琛屾儏(鍦ㄧ嚎鏂囧瓧/瑙嗛戠洿鎾锛岄《灏栭噾铻嶅垎鏋愬笀鍊惧姏璁茶В锛屼笌浣犲叡璧忚偂甯傚ぇ璁°)

鎶曡祫淇濆嗙殑链澶х壒镩插氨鏄鍦ㄧ嚎鐩存挱闂达纴瀹炴椂鍒嗕韩镫瀹剁殑鎶曡祫瑙傜偣鍙婃搷浣灭瓥鐣ャ傝繖涔熸槸鎶曡祫淇濆嗗尯鍒浜庡叾浠栫倰镶¤蒋浠剁殑链澶т紭锷夸箣涓銆

3銆佹搷鐩樻坠

涓婃捣鐩婄洘杞浠舵妧链链夐檺鍏鍙告槸涓瀹朵笓闂ㄤ粠浜嬭瘉鍒歌蒋浠剁爷鍙戜笌阌鍞镄勯珮鏂版妧链浼佷笟锛屼富瑕佷骇鍝佲沧搷鐩樻坠璇佸埜鎶曡祫鍐崇瓥绯荤粺钬濊涓绉戦櫌璇勫畾涓衡滃浗鍐呴嗗厛锛屽浗闄呭厛杩涒濈殑璇佸埜杞浠躲傝ョ倰镶¤蒋浠剁殑鑳借╄偂姘戣交𨱒惧疄鐜扮湅琛屾儏銆佹姄娉㈡点佽昏祫璁銆侀夌墰镶°

4銆佸ぇ鏅烘収

澶ф櫤鎱т富瑕佸姛鑳芥湁锛氲屾儏鍒楄〃銆佸垎镞惰蛋锷裤并绾垮浘銆佸熀链闱銆佽嚜阃夎偂璁惧畾銆佸ぇ浜嬩綋鍨嬨佷俊鎭鍦伴浄浠ュ强瀹炴椂瑙ｇ洏绛夈备紭镣癸细铡熸潵镄60涓嶉敊锛岀幇鍦ㄥ己鍒舵柊涓浠ｄ简;缂虹偣锛氢骇鍝佷互鏀惰垂涓哄煎悜浜嗭纴鏂颁竴浠ｈ蒋浠舵嵁鐢ㄦ埛鍙嶉堥兘璇撮毦鐢锛屾ц兘涓嶅熺ǔ瀹氾纴琛屾儏镞舵湁镞舵柇锛屼笉鏀鎸佸埜鍟嗕氦鏄撱

5銆侀氲揪淇

杞浠堕熷害寰埚揩锛屽姛鑳藉己澶э纴鐣岄溃鍙嫔ソ锛屾搷浣灭亩鍗曪纴杩愯岀ǔ瀹氾纴璁＄畻鍑嗙‘镐ч珮銆傜己镣瑰湪浜庨勮﹀姛鑳藉お寮憋纴钖屾椂缂哄皯鍒嗘瀽镄勬暟鎹锛屽悗链熸湇锷¤缉灏戙

镶″竞涓镄勮蒋浠舵棤闱炲氨鏄浠ヤ笅4绉嶏细

阃氲揪淇°佸ぇ鏅烘収銆佸悓鑺遍‘銆侀挶榫欍(閮芥槸鍏嶈垂镄)

鍏朵腑阃氲揪淇°佸ぇ鏅烘収姣旇缉鏅鍙娄竴浜涖傚彲浠ユ彁渚涗竴鑸镄勮偂绁ㄨ屾儏銆佷氦鏄揿姛鑳姐备笅杞芥柟娉曪纴涔熷緢绠鍗曪纴灏辨槸鍒拌嚜宸卞紑鎴风殑璇佸埜鍏鍙稿幓涓嬭浇锛岄噷闱㈤兘链夈

钖岃姳椤虹◢涓扑笟涓镣癸纴涓嶆庝箞濂戒笂镓嬶纴鏅鍙婄▼搴︿笉楂樸

阍遍緳锛屽熀链宸茬粡娣樻卑镄勮蒋浠朵简锛屼絾杩欐槸90骞翠唬链鏅鍙婄殑镶＄エ杞浠躲

钖勪釜鍒稿晢涔嬮棿閮芥湁钖勮嚜镄勫ぇ鏅烘収涓庨氲揪淇°佸悓鑺遍‘杞浠讹纴闄や简鍐呮牳鍜岀嫭绔嬬殑阃氲揪淇°佸ぇ鏅烘収銆佸悓鑺遍‘涓镙峰栵纴鍒稿晢浠鍙埚姞浜嗕竴浜涘唴缃镄勫垎鏋愭姤锻娿佷氦鏄揿姛鑳姐佷互鍙婂崟镫涓哄㈡埛链嶅姟镄勫姛鑳姐傛墍浠ワ纴濡傛灉闇瑕侊纴鍙瑕佸埌镊宸卞紑鎴风殑璇佸埜鍏鍙稿畼鏂圭绣绔欎笂铡讳笅杞借繖浜涜蒋浠跺氨鍙浠ヤ简銆傝呖浜庤村悇涓鍒稿晢涔嬮棿镄勮蒋浠惰皝濂借皝鍧忥纴杩欐槸娌℃湁鍙姣旀х殑銆

濡傛灉浣犳槸闂链夋病链変粈涔埚ソ镄勪粯璐硅蒋浠讹纴闾ｆ垜濂夊姖浣犺缮鏄姝讳简杩欐浔蹇冨惂銆备綘鍙浠ヤ笉阃夋垜镄勫洖绛旓纴浣犺颁綇鎴戣寸殑锛屽氨绠椾綘涔颁简浠樿垂杞浠讹纴涔熻缮鏄涓嶈兘鎸ｅ埌阍憋纴鑺辩殑阍变篃鏄锏借姳銆

杞浠讹纴涓嶆槸鍐冲畾鑳藉惁鎸ｅ埌阍辩殑鍏抽敭锛屼富瑕佹槸瀛︿範锛佷絾鏄鎴戝彂鐜扮幇鍦ㄧ殑鏁ｆ埛閮借糠淇¤偂绁ㄨ蒋浠讹纴𨱒鍏峰晩钬︹︹︽暎鎴疯糠淇¤偂绁ㄨ蒋浠讹纴涔熷彧鑳芥槸璁╁仛杞浠剁殑浜洪珮鍏村缑钖堜笉𨰾㈠槾

镓浠ヤ笉鐢ㄨ糠淇￠偅浜涙墍璋撶殑濂借蒋浠讹纴娌℃湁涓涓杞浠跺彲浠ユ圹璇烘煇鏀镶＄エ鑳藉熸定澶氩皯锛岃兘澶熼勬祴镄勶纴閮芥槸楠楀瓙锛屾储璁扮殑镞犻潪浣犳坠閲岄偅镣归摱瀛愩傝缮鏄濉屽屽疄瀹炵殑鐢ㄦ櫘阃氲蒋浠跺氨鍙浠ヤ简銆傚彟澶栧氩︿範涓浜涚粡楠岋纴姣旂洸鐩镄勫绘垒杞浠舵洿鍒掔畻銆

鎶曡祫椤哄埄锛