‘壹’ 千里优选以现金股的方式上市是什么意思
简单的说就是这些股票在公司未上市前以极低的价格购买，当时只是一张废纸！到公司上市后股价就能翻好几倍，因为不是流通股，所以不能交易！但到解禁的时候，也就是可交易了，因为成本极低利润极高，所以他们会不顾价格的往外抛，抛压过重，会导致股价不断往下挫！是利空
‘贰’ 急求英语作文 股票的利弊
A stock market can change your life, and makes a giant gnome. There is, Bill Gates and warren buffett, li, LiuYuanSheng near the YangHuiYan, ma, shi yuzhu has, liu fang, because they are from, and increase market share envied virtues.
Second, the stock market is like a big stage drama, daily astounding tragicomedy. Actors don't need more makeup, acting, can fry are the star. Despite the tragedy figures than comedy character, but tragedy than play well.
Third, fry is a noble profession. Contemporary folk yue: first-class professional fry stock, secondary vocational and professional advertising street name. Third-class Don't make the vendors, medicine.hurry fry two play.
Four, the stock market is the spiralling, can make a person to get rich quick. Shake it and courage and strength; luck, Don't shake, money of leaves will fall in your head.
Five, the stock market full of philosophy, the static and dynamic can tell you, pleasure and pain, rich and poor, and the philosophy of life and death. Choose to think, fry with the philosopher.
Six, the market can temper one's will, make the person is strong, even to cut meat will utter on Saturday, as the war with the enemy tortured and never renegade underground workers.
Seven, fry is full of excitement, can smoke in the war and peace through baptism, "television, sound", "was", good KuHao cool!
Eight, buy stocks is bought in the future, who does not wish a better tomorrow? Youth without regrets, the future, I take money betting priceless tomorrow, value!
Nine, fry, the game is wise to have high culture, review and profound theory. Don't believe the fund manager at least, why are eligible to dr ma, natural materials shall bear my Fried.
Ten, the stock market full of imagination. Don't think of things, not dare to think, dare do make money, have imagination can make paper money.
11 and market can widen again obtain employment channels, alleviate employment pressure.
Twelve, fry equates to patriotism. The government from stock financing billions every year. Millions of people have donated money for helping soes into the Treasury, stamp ty.
13 and stock elixir, especially the lonely, indifference, selfish and alzheimer's disease. Want to say goodbye to cancer, please.
14, fry can prevent crime, especially the gambling. Fry stock, PaiJiu kumite mahjong tyre was not interested.
15 and fry QianTiaoWanTiao reason, but ultimately only one: right! Fry
Don't fry 35 reason
A stock is a big dye VAT, and if you don't care who put in hand, you will lose. If want to wash, also won't wash clean. Want to JieShenZiHao, please don't fry.
Second, the stock market risk, it is not only will your riches sinister, lane is bad also forfeits his hide.
Third, market with "black" words are too much. The black box and shady, black, black, black... Howl, if you don't, please don't fry colluding.
Four, the stock market is sometimes tell. False performance, false report, reorganization, are false, Big, big and silly, greed, big, Fry, except as stir-fry air, jiaogechan enpty hands. Stir-fry high price is very beautiful, and performance of listed companies, and total salary 1300 yuan only two cents, you get to repay, you believe or not.
Five, the stock market is not fair. As you see firsthand material retail, hear a information, not even see the first-class service, market even didn't have to sit bench. Fry is asking for SINS.
Six, investors identity meanness. Nine people, people who? Calculate only nine etc. "DengWaiPin" outside, millions of people are not even a association, like into hangxiao that fraud, collective action, the court is not accepted.
Seven, the stock market is the department, you put money machine, others without proving am can carry away, and not dozen receipt. Sing a song is so: please take me to your home, stock, please leave your money. Will money or stocks, please choose!
Eight, fry with gambling, and most easily knoe corruption. Banker like "cheat" perspective, wear contact lens, visible, a large number of small organ, you still dare to fry?
Nine, fry is broken families. A man should not wife, family shares by more and more weak, fry stock is the radiant party.
Ten, exchange, good and evil people mixed up, old crowded, people often not to many places, the easiest to cut the purse.
11 and fry as "religious", GuPingGu superstition, superstition of subjects, such as magic, the man went into a believer.
Twelve, fry, if not, is the lowest level of career. As a modern ShunKouLiu can find work, only the stocks, the unit after class, the stock market had mixed.
13 and fry can make people, all the investors for the old stock depth, no less money hold-op smitten, but didn't earn less wrinkles.
14 and fry diseases, especially hypertension can stroke hysteria, etc. Now, in the public eloquent speaker, but is no longer sell leather is the plaster investors.
15, can be addictive, fry the intense dependence, 1 don't fry, moment seems like three years. Suggest the government offered by compulsory quit shares, to save slip investors.
中文翻译：
一、股市能改变人生，使侏儒变成巨人。远的有巴菲特、比尔·盖茨、李嘉诚、刘元生，近的有杨惠研、马云、史玉柱、刘芳、李予成，他们都因股票市值剧增而受人羡慕景仰。
二、股市像一个大舞台，每日上演着轰轰烈烈的悲喜剧。演员不用化妆，更毋需演技，能炒就是明星。尽管悲剧人物多于喜剧角色，但悲剧总比没有剧好。
三、炒股是一种高尚的职业。当代民谣曰：一流职业炒股票，二流职业做广告，三流职业满街叫。不想做叫卖的摊贩，请来炒两把玩玩。
四、股市是棵摇钱树，能使人快速致富。摇动它，全凭力气勇气加运气；不摇，钞票般的树叶不会掉在你头上。
五、股市充满了哲学，能告诉你静与动、苦与乐、穷与富、生与死的哲理。选股要作思考状，炒股者跟哲学家没两样。
六、股市能磨炼人的意志，使人坚强，即使割肉断臂也不会吭上一声，如同战争年代面对敌人严刑拷打也永不变节的地下工作者。
七、炒股充满了刺激，能在和平年代经受战火与硝烟的洗礼，时而“亮剑”，时而吹响“集结号”，好酷好爽呀！
八、买股票就是买未来，谁不愿明天更美好？青春无悔，未来无价，我拿金钱赌明天，值！
九、炒股是智者的游戏，要有很高的文化修养，股评理论高深莫测。不信，为何基金经理起码要博士硕士才有资格担当，天生我材必炒股。
十、股市充满了想象力。不敢想的事敢想，不敢做的事敢做，有钱能使鬼推磨，有想象能使纸变钱。
十一、股市能拓宽再就业渠道，减轻社会就业压力。
十二、炒股等同于爱国。政府每年能从股市融资数千亿。上亿股民都为国企脱困捐了款，为国库交足了印花税。
十三、股市能治百病，特别是孤独、冷漠、自私和老年痴呆症。想告别病魔，请来炒股。
十四、炒股能预防犯罪，特别是赌博犯罪。炒过股票的人，对打麻将推牌九都不感兴趣。
十五、炒股的理由千条万条，但归根结底只有一条：就是炒股有理！
不炒股的十五条理由
一、股市是个大染缸，谁要是不小心把手放进去，就会失去本色。即使想金盆洗手，也洗不干净。要想洁身自好，请不要炒股。
二、股市有风险，其险恶在于不仅要你钱财，弄不好还会赔上小命。
三、股市同“黑”字有太多的渊源。黑箱、黑幕、黑马、黑庄、黑熊……近墨者黑，倘若你不想同流合污，请不要炒股。
四、股市有时是个假大空的场所。假业绩、假年报、假重组，都是假；大话、大傻、大贪，都是大；炒股如同炒空气，除了交割单，两手空空。股价炒得很高，业绩很漂亮，有上市公司老总年薪1300万元，而只分你两毛钱，得不到业绩回报，信不信由你。
五、股市太不公平。身为散户你看不到一手资料，听不到一线信息，得不到一流服务，甚至看大盘连冷板凳都没得坐。炒股等于自找罪受。
六、股民身份低贱。人分九等，股民算老几？只能算九等之外的“等外品”，上亿股民连个协会都没有，受了像杭萧钢构那样的欺诈，集体诉讼，法院都不受理。
七、股市是部提款机，你把钱放进去，别人无须验明正身就能提走，且不打收条。有首歌是这样唱的：请把我的股带回你的家，请把你的钞票留下。要钞票还是要股，请选择吧！
八、炒股跟赌博没什么两样，且最容易滋生腐败。庄家如同“老千”，戴着隐形透视镜，看得见底牌，掌握着开大开小的机关，你还敢炒吗？
九、炒股是家庭破裂的导火索。男人要股不要妻，家庭观念被越炒越淡，而股票就是那勾魂摄魄的第三者。
十、交易厅人满为患，鱼龙混杂，老人常告诫，不要到人多的地方去，最容易被人掏了钱包。
十一、炒股如同“信教”，迷信股评家，迷信概念，对题材走火如魔，把人变为信徒。
十二、炒股算不上职业，如果算的话，也是最低级的职业。有一时髦顺口溜为证：工作没法找，只把股票炒，单位下了课，股市混着过。
十三、炒股能使人衰老，股民无时无刻不为股票深度套牢魂牵梦萦，钱没少赔，皱纹却没少赚。
十四、炒股能生百病，特别是高血压中风歇斯底里症等。如今能在大庭广众口若悬河的，不再是演说家，除了卖狗皮膏药的便是股民。
十五、炒股能使人上瘾，产生强烈的依赖性，一日不炒，如隔三秋。建议政府开办强制戒股所，以挽救失足股民。
‘叁’ 急急急！！！利率变动对股市影响的数学公式（数学模型也可以）
没有公式，你看下面的信息自己做一个正反比例的模型，然后倒入这几年的经济数据拟合吧！！
（参考资料，英文中文都有）
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一般理论上来说,利率下降时,股票的价格就上涨；利率上升时,股票的价格就会下跌。因此,利率的高低以及利率同股票市场的关系,也成为股票投资者据以买进和卖出股票的重要依据。
利率对于股票的影响可以分成三种途径:
一是利率变动造成的资产组合替代效应,利率变动通过影响存款收益率,投资者就会对股票和储蓄以及债券之间做出选择,实现资本的保值增值。
通过资产重新组合进而影响资金流向和流量,最终必然会影响到股票市场的资金供求和股票价格。利率上升,一部分资金可能从股市转而投向银行储蓄和债券,从而会减少市场上的资金供应量,减少股票需求,股票价格下降；反之,利率下降,股票市场资金供应增加,股票价格将上升。
二是利率对上市公司经营的影响,进而影响公司未来的估值水平。
贷款利率提高会加重企业利息负担,从而减少企业的盈利,进而减少企业的股票分红派息,受利率的提高和股票分红派息降低的双重影响,股票价格必然会下降。相反,贷款利率下调将减轻企业利息负担,降低企业生产经营成本,提高企业盈利能力,使企业可以增加股票的分红派息。受利率的降低和股票分红派息增加的双重影响,股票价格将大幅上升。
三是利率变动对股票内在价值的影响。
股票资产的内在价值是由资产在未来时期中所接受的现金流决定的,股票的内在价值与一定风险下的贴现率呈反比关系,如果将银行间拆借、银行间债券与证券交易所的债券回购利率作为参考的贴现率,则贴现率的上扬必然导致股票内在价值的降低,从而也会使股票价格相应下降。股指的变化与市场的贴现率呈现反向变化,贴现率上升,股票的内在价值下降,股指将下降；反之,贴现率下降,股价指数上升。
以上的传导途径应该是较长的一个时期才能体现出来的,利率调整与股价变动之间通常有一个时滞效应,因为利率下调首先引起储蓄分流,增加股市的资金供给,更多的资金追逐同样多的股票,才能引起股价上涨,利率下调到股价上涨之间有一个过程。如我国央行自1996年5月以来的八次下调存款利率,到2002年1年期定期储蓄存款的实际收益率只有1.58%。在股票价格在较长时间内持续上涨的情况下,股票投资的收益率远远高于存款的报酬率,一部分储蓄存款转化为股票投资,从而加快了储蓄分流的步伐。从我国居民储蓄存款增长率来看,1994年居民储蓄存款增长率45.6%,之后增幅连年下滑,而同一时期股票市场发展迅速,1999年下半年开始储蓄分流明显加快,到2000年分流达到顶点,同年我国居民储蓄存款增长率仅为7.9%。这一年股票市场也牛气冲天。2001年储蓄分流则明显减缓,增长率14.7%,居民储蓄倾向增强。2001年股市波动性加大,股价持续几个月的大幅回调,则是2001年储蓄分流减缓、居民储蓄存款大幅增加的主要原因之一。
另外,利率对于企业的经营成本影响同样需要一个生产和销售的资本运转过程,短时间内,难以体现出来。因此,利率和股票市场的相关性要从长期来把握。
实际上,就中长期而言,利率升降和股市的涨跌也并不是简单的负相关关系。就是说,中长期股价指数的走势不仅仅只受利率走势的影响,它同时对经济增长因素、非市场宏观政策因素的反应也很敏感。如果经济增长因素、非市场宏观政策因素的影响大于利率对股市的影响,股价指数的走势就会与利率的中长期走势相背离。
典型如美国的利率调整和股市走势就出现同步上涨的过程。1992年至1995年美元加息周期中,由于经济处于稳步增长阶段,逐步收紧的货币政策并未使经济下滑,公司盈利与股价走势也保持了良好态势,加息之后,股票市场反而走高,其根本原因是经济增长的影响大于加息的影响。
我国从1996年5月进入降息周期的拐点。股指也进入上升周期。利率与股指的走势发生了5年的负相关关系。但2001年在利率没有进入升息周期的情况下,股指开始了下跌的趋势。分析其原因,我国非市场宏观政策因素的影响大于利率对股市的影响。人们对非流通的国有股将进入市场流通的担心和恐惧导致了股市投资的风险和收益发生了非对称的变化。从这个角度来看,由于我国目前非市场宏观政策因素仍然有比较大的不确定性,所以利率对股市的影响不能够成为我们研究和预测股市中长期走势的主要因素。
就短期而言,我国利率的变动对股价的走势很难判断存在相关性。利率调整当天和随后的股价波动并不能说明二者之间有何必然的联系。从当前股市的状况分析,很明显也和利率的走势不符合理论上的负相关性。股票市场的低迷更多地被归结为上市公司的质量以及诸多体制性问题和投资者信心问题。因此,在看待我国加息预期对于股票市场的影响时,还要考虑其他诸多因素,而不能简单从前文所述的理论关系来判断。利率只是影响股市的因素之一,而不是惟一决定因素。因此,我们不能唯利率升降是从,要具体分析,何况即使利率上升,股市也并不是就完全没有投资机会。（
Interest rates. Most people pay attention to them, and they can impact the stock market. But why? In this article, we'll explain some of the indirect links between interest rates and the stock market and show you how they might affect your life.
The Interest Rate
Essentially, interest is nothing more than the cost someone pays for the use of someone else's money. Homeowners know this scenario quite intimately. They have to use a bank's money (through a mortgage) to purchase a home, and they have to pay the bank for the privilege. Credit card users also know this scenario quite well - they borrow money for the short term in order to buy something right away. But when it comes to the stock market and the impact of interest rates, the term usually refers to something other than the above examples - although we will see that they are affected as well. (To read more, see Who determines interest rates?)
The interest rate that applies to investors is the U.S. Federal Reserve's federal funds rate. This is the cost that banks are charged for borrowing money from Federal Reserve banks. Why is this number so important? It is the way the Federal Reserve (the "Fed") attempts to control inflation. Inflation is caused by too much money chasing too few goods (or too much demand for too little supply), which causes prices to increase. By influencing the amount of money available for purchasing goods, the Fed can control inflation. Other countries' central banks do the same thing for the same reason.
Basically, by increasing the federal funds rate, the Fed attempts to lower the supply of money by making it more expensive to obtain.(To see more on the Federal Reserve, read Get To Know The Major Central Banks, The Fed Model And Stock Valuation: What It Does And Does Not Tell Us and Formulating Monetary Policy.)
Effects of an Increase
When the Fed increases the federal funds rate, it does not have an immediate impact on the stock market. Instead, the increased federal funds rate has a single direct effect - it becomes more expensive for banks to borrow money from the Fed. However, increases in the discount rate also cause a ripple effect, and factors that influence both indivials and businesses are affected.
The first indirect effect of an increased federal funds rate is that banks increase the rates that they charge their customers to borrow money. Indivials are affected through increases to credit card and mortgage interest rates, especially if they carry a variable interest rate. This has the effect of decreasing the amount of money consumers can spend. After all, people still have to pay the bills, and when those bills become more expensive, households are left with less disposable income. This means that people will spend less discretionary money, which will affect businesses' top and bottom lines (that is, revenues and profits).
Therefore, businesses are also indirectly affected by an increase in the federal funds rate as a result of the actions of indivial consumers. But businesses are affected in a more direct way as well. They, too, borrow money from banks to run and expand their operations. When the banks make borrowing more expensive, companies might not borrow as much and will pay a higher rate of interest on their loans. Less business spending can slow down the growth of a company, resulting in decreases in profit. (For extra reading on company lending, read When Companies Borrow Money.)
Stock Price Effects
Clearly, changes in the federal funds rate affect the behavior of consumers and business, but the stock market is also affected. Remember that one method of valuing a company is to take the sum of all the expected future cash flows from that company discounted back to the present. To arrive at a stock's price, take the sum of the future discounted cash flow and divide it by the number of shares available. This price fluctuates as a result of the different expectations that people have about the company at different times. Because of those differences, they are willing to buy or sell shares at different prices.
If a company is seen as cutting back on its growth spending or is making less profit - either through higher debt expenses or less revenue from consumers - then the estimated amount of future cash flows will drop. All else being equal, this will lower the price of the company's stock. If enough companies experience a decline in their stock prices, the whole market, or the indexes (like the Dow Jones Instrial Average or the S&P 500) that many people equate with the market, will go down. (To learn more, check out Why Do Markets Move?, Forces That Move Stock Prices and What causes a significant move in the stock market?)
Investment Effects
For many investors, a declining market or stock price is not a desirable outcome. Investors wish to see their invested money increase in value. Such gains come from stock price appreciation, the payment of dividends - or both. With a lowered expectation in the growth and future cash flows of the company, investors will not get as much growth from stock price appreciation, making stock ownership less desirable.
Furthermore, investing in stocks can be viewed as too risky compared to other investments. When the Fed raises the federal funds rate, newly offered government securities, such Treasury bills and bonds, are often viewed as the safest investments and will usually experience a corresponding increase in interest rates. In other words, the "risk-free" rate of return goes up, making these investments more desirable. When people invest in stocks, they need to be compensated for taking on the additional risk involved in such an investment, or a premium above the risk-free rate. The desired return for investing in stocks is the sum of the risk-free rate and the risk premium. Of course, different people have different risk premiums, depending on their own tolerance for risk and the company they are buying. However, in general, as the risk-free rate goes up, the total return required for investing in stocks also increases. Therefore, if the required risk premium decreases while the potential return remains the same or becomes lower, investors might feel that stocks have become too risky, and will put their money elsewhere.
Interest Rates Affect but Don't Determine the Stock Market
The interest rate, commonly bandied about by the media, has a wide and varied impact upon the economy. When it is raised, the general effect is to lessen the amount of money in circulation, which works to keep inflation low. It also makes borrowing money more expensive, which affects how consumers and businesses spend their money; this increases expenses for companies, lowering earnings somewhat for those with debt to pay. Finally, it tends to make the stock market a slightly less attractive place to investment.
Keep in mind, however, that these factors and results are all interrelated. What we described above are very broad interactions, which can play out in innumerable ways. Interest rates are not the only determinant of stock prices and there are many considerations that go into stock prices and the general trend of the market - an increased interest rate is only one of them. Therefore, one can never say with confidence that an interest rate hike by the Fed will have an overall negative effect on stock prices.